Besting attitudes in some Lepidoptera. 307 



2.39, wings with rather more than tips touching. 



2.41, wings separated. 



2.41.20", closed. 



2.41.40", separated; 2.42.13", closed. 



2.42.40", „ 2.43.10", „ 



2.43.35", .. 2.44.20", „ 



2.44.45", .. 2.45.25", „ 



2.47.15", ,, with hind-wings rather separated 



from fore-wings; 2.47.58", closed. 



2.48.20", separated ; wings straighter, less bell-shaped, 

 hind-wings more separated from fore-wings ; 

 2.48.55", dosed. 

 . 2.49.25", separated; 2.50.0", closed. 



2.50.30", separated all but straight; 2.51.5", closed. 



2.51.30", „ 2.52.6", closed. 



2.52.40", „ 2.53.25", closed, hind-wings do 



not close till just after the fore-wings. 



2.54.15", separated, not so widely, wings very straight 

 and very separate with slight movements; 

 2.55.5", closed. 



2.57.0", wings separate with a little tremor, all spaced, 

 and about 3 mm. from costa to costa of hind- 

 wings; they closed for a few seconds at 

 2.59; then fore-wings gradually closed so 

 far that tips touched at 3.2.0"; but hind- 

 wings remained separate and parallel with 

 each other. At 3.11.0" the fore- wings be- 

 came slightly closed, i. e. rather more than 

 the tips touched. At 3.12 fully open again ; 

 3.16, closer, hind-tips 1 mm. across; on 

 touching wings they close up, but open 

 again, fore-tips separate and remain so at 

 3.20. At 3.25 wings are closed so as to 

 touch for distal half; afterwards gradually 

 closed to normal resting position, i. e. costae 

 together for the distal four-fifths. 



Plate LXXX, fig 5 indicates the attitudes referred to. 



In the case of V. urticae, the wings are fully expanded 

 in from four to seven minutes after leaving the pupa shell, 

 and are then- placed in the dorsal position, closely pressed 

 together with the little rotatory movement with which 

 many Lepidoptera accomplish the throwing of the wings 

 back into the dorsal attitude. During the next three or 



