Resting attitudes in some Lepidoptera. 309 



fore-wings, in fact, hang straight down, the hind-wings 

 are apart from them as far as they are from each other; 

 the opening and closing goes on as before for about another 

 ten minutes, then they close permanently, but not at first 

 so closely as they are a little later. A specimen touched 

 at this period flew off and settled down with wings tightly 

 closed, as it were with only one costa (except at base) for 

 all four wings. 



Explanation of Plate LXXX. 



These are merely rough diagrams to show the positions of the 

 wings, and are probably accurate enough to serve that purpose. 



Fig. 1. Normal rest position of Geometrae (after Oudemans). 



(X 2). 

 Fig. 2. Rest position of Ephyra punctaria (after Oudemans (X 2). 



These two figures show the temporary (recapitulative) 



and permanent positions of rest as observed in Leuco- 



phthalmia orbicularia and omicronaria. 

 Figs. 3 and 4. Temporary (recapitulative) and permanent rest 



positions in Eois incanaria (X 2). 

 Fig. 5. Various positions (more or less consecutive) of the wings 



in Pieris rapae during drying. The figures represent 



the costal margins of the wings as seen from the front — 



a, Normal (of Lepidoptera) drying position assumed as 

 soon as the wings are expanded. 



b, Bell-shaped position assumed just after, a is then 

 returned to. 



c, d, e, and/, with others intermediate then follow, with 

 a between each pair. Finally the permanent resting 

 position is assumed, first as g, the wings gradually clos- 

 ing up via h to i, in which two-thirds to three-fourths 

 of the upper surfaces of the opposite wings are in contact. 



