( Ixxxv ) 



especially when their transparent and crumpled wings are 

 closed, as generally happens, over the abdomen. They are 

 then not easy to see at all, so closely do they correspond 

 with their surroundings. And when they are seen, they look 

 rather like small twigs or buds of the food-plant than living 

 insects, so long as they remain without motion. The c? o> 

 being black above, are much more easily distinguished. 



I have tried hard to induce the $ $ to oviposit, but I do not 

 believe that any have done so. Some I have removed, before 

 they emerged from the cocoon, to a separate glass, containing 

 a small live pine tree in a flower pot. Others I left in the 

 cage with the <J $, and supplied fresh branches from a larger 

 tree. But nothing seems to suit them ! I have never seen 

 any $ attempt oviposition, though such as I have killed and 

 dissected have always been full of eggs. Nor have I ever 

 seen the $ $ and $ $ take any notice of one another. The $ $, 

 I think, must sometimes fight; as, both this year and last, 

 many of that sex were observed to have got one or both of 

 the antennae more or less severely mutilated, — apparently 

 bitten through ! But I never caught them in the act, and 

 never saw them take any apparent interest, friendly or 

 unfriendly, in their fellow-captives. 



The so-called saw of this and other species of the same genus 

 is a very complicated and singular instrument. Its outlines 

 as a whole, as viewed from the sides and also from above, 

 remind me of the beak of a cockatoo, the " supports " repre- 

 senting the upper mandible, and the " saws " the lower. 

 Viewed from above the " supports " are exceedingly broad at 

 their bases, while their apices are exceedingly narrow, so that 

 they make a sort of long spine which bends downwards and 

 forms the apex of the entire organ. As for the "saws," they 

 are blunt at the apex, and toothed very strongly and sharply 

 not on the lower edge, but on their exterior surfaces diagonally, 

 with parallel rows of projecting spines. Such an implement, 

 driven through the tissues of the pine-needles, in which the 

 eggs are said (truly, no doubt, though I never saw the pro- 

 cess) to be deposited, must necessarily, as it appears to me, 

 combine the actions of (1) a plough, and (2) a series of parallel 

 rakes, or, in other words, a harrow ! In this case, certainly, 



