22 Dr. P. H. Carpenter on the 



Liidwig (1877) have all adopted it : while it appears in 

 almost every morphological paper on the Crinoids that I have 

 written in the past ten years, and is also used in the text- 

 books of Clans, Zittel, and other well-known writers, all 

 published before Perrier's allusion to the " phase de Penta- 

 crine." In fact, so long ago as 1872 Perrier himself* 

 quoted Sir Wyville Thomson's memoir on the development 

 of the " larve pentacrinoide," a point which (like many others) 

 seems to have escaped the notice of Messrs. Vogt and Yung ; 

 and it was therefore with no little astonishment that I found 

 them attributing this term to tlie French professor who had 

 imparted to them some of the results of his own observations 

 on Antedon rosacea for incorporation in their monograph, 

 his own lengthy memoir on this type not being then ready 

 for publication. In certain cases, however, as we shall see 

 subsequently, Messrs. Vogt and Yung express themselves 

 very guardedly with respect to Professor Perrier's results; 

 while some of the new facts, the discovery of which they 

 attribute to him, should in reality be credited to Dr. Car- 

 penter or to some other of his fellow-workers. Like Perrierf 

 too they persist in employing Antedon as a masculine name, 

 although the researches of Mr. Spedding led him to the con- 

 clusion, which he published nearly ten years ago %, that it 

 is really feminine ; and it has been repeatedly used in this 

 sense by Pourtal^s, Ludwig, Duncan and Sladen, F. J. Bell, 

 J. V. Cams, and myself. 



Like most of their predecessors, Messrs. Vogt and Yung 

 recognize an antero-posterior plane in the organization of a 

 Crinoid, which passes through the mouth and anus and along 

 one ray. But in the iigure which they give of the Antedon- 

 disk on p. 521 they do not place the anal interradius down- 

 wards, as is done by Sladen, Bell, and myself, and by almost 

 all palseontologists, e. g. Schultze, Meek and Worthen, Zittel, 

 Wachsmuth and Springer, &c. ; and the bilateral symmetry 

 of the Crinoid type is thus rendered much less apparent to 

 the student than it really is. 



Every writer who has hitherto figured sections of an entire 

 Comatula has represented it in its natural position, i. e, with 

 the mouth upwards — e. g. Miiller, GreefF, my father, Ludwig, 



* " Recherches sur rAnatomie et la Regeneration dea Bras de la 

 Comatula rosacea," Arch, de Zool. experimentale et geuerale, vol. ii. 1873, 

 pp. 46, 64. 



t Altliougli tbe feminine gender of Antedo7i (or more correctly Ayi- 

 thedon) was determined in 1877, Perrier used it as a masculine noun till 

 as late as 1884, though he has since discovered his mistake. 



X ' Nature,' vol xv. 1877, p. 366. 



