396 Miscellaneous. 



Leucophrys patula, which is exclusively carnivorous, divides once 

 in twenty-four hours at 43°-45°, twice at 46°-52°, three times at 

 54°-57°, four times at 59^-64^ and five times at 66°-68° ; Colpi- 

 dium colpoda twice at 54°-57°, three times at 59°-68° ; Coleps 

 hirtus once at 61°-64^ ; Loxophi/Uum fasciola twice at 59°-63° ; 

 Spatfiidlani hyalinum once at 61°-63°, and twice at 63°-6G° ; an 

 undetermined VorticeUa once at 57°-61°. 



Glaucoma scintillans, StylonycJiia pustiduta, Colpidium colpoda^ 

 and Paramrecium bursaria, kept in complete darkness for a month, 

 multiplied exactly like those exposed to light. — Comptes Kendus, 

 April 4, 1887, p. lOOG. 



0)1 the Relations of the Groups of Arthropoda. 

 By Prof. Carl Claxts. 



In our number for March 1887, when printing Prof. Lapkester's 

 " Last Words on Professor Claus," we stated that the discussion on the 

 matters in dispute must cease. We have since received from Prof. 

 Claus a copy of an article on the subject in question published by him 

 in the ' Arljeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat Wien ' 

 (Baiid vii. Heft 2), in which he gives an exposition of his own views, 

 with a request that a translation of this part should appear in the 

 ' Annals,' for comparison with the conclusions formulated by Prof. 

 Lankester in the article above cited. The " essential points " upon 

 which Prof. Claus insists are stated by him as follows: — 



" 1. The opinion, according to which the Scorpions, and conse- 

 quently the Arachnoidea, are to be derived phylogenetically from 

 the Gigantostraca, was independently supported by me, following 

 Huxley, as much as eleven years ago. 



" 2. The distinction of the three Arthropod scries— 1. Crustacea, 

 s. sir. ; 2. Gigantostraca, Arachnoidea ; 3. Myriopoda-Insecta — is 

 implicitly contained in the passages cited of my Text-book (1880). 



" 3. My views as to the relation of Limidns to the Arachnoidea 

 are quite different from the conception which is supported by Kay 

 Lankester in 1881 in his Limidus-HYiiGle. 



"■ 4. The reference of the Mites to retrograde Arachnoidea, which 

 is supported by the discovery of the rudimentary heart, is self-evident 

 as a necessary consequence of the position laid down under § 1, 

 and certainly does not date from Ray Lankester's expositions, but 

 had been supported many years ago upon other grounds. 



" 5. The hypothesis of the ' adaptational shifting of the oral aper- 

 ture,' invented by that author from the analogy of the shifting of the 

 mouth in AmpMoxus, and by which the interpretation of the prae- 

 oral limbs of the Arthropoda, and consequently both pairs of antennae 

 in the Crustacea, is proved, is a perfectly untenable hypothesis. 



" 6. This hypothesis has nothing in common with the opinion, 

 founded upon the conditions of innervation, that the second pair of 

 antenn£e of the Crustacea represents the foremost truncal members, 

 while the first pair of antennae, like the antennae of Insects and 

 Myriopoda, belongs to the praestomial part of the head." 



