Miscellaneous. 185) 



Another point in the synonymy of this genus has also been 

 cleared up through the trausfer of the types of Lepidoptera in the 

 India Museum. Among these we received a Nepal species bearing 

 the type-labels of B. Wallichii, Gray, and B. spectabilis, Hope, and 

 agreeing perfectly with both descriptions and the figure. The spe- 

 cimen is from the collection of General Hardwicke, as stated by 

 Hope, and differs strikingly, both in coloration and pattern, on both 

 surfaces from the better-known B. conchifera of Darjeeling and 

 Silhet. 



The true B. cerfhia of Fabricius, which 83 years ago was quoted 

 as in the British Museum, is now also not to be found. 



Two examples of B. Wallichii in Mr. Dana's collection agree in 

 all important characters with the type. 



New Classification of the Crustacea. 

 By A. 8. Packard, Jun. 



The recent studies on the embryology of the king crab (Limulus 

 polyphemus) have shown that there are some unexpected resem- 

 blances to the mode of development of the Arachnida ; and while 

 in our essay * on the development of this crustacean we attempted 

 to show that the arachnidan features were also to be found in 

 certain crabs and shrimps whose development was exceptional, one 

 or two naturalists (as E. Van Bencden and Dohrn) claim that 

 Limulus is not a true crustacean, but belongs next to or with the 

 Arachnida. This seems to us an extreme view. Then followed 

 the beautiful anatomical researches of Alphonse Milne-Edwards on 

 Limulus polr/2'hemus, in which he showed the singular relation 

 between the vascular and nervous systems, the latter being enve- 

 loped by the ventral system of the arteries. The differences be- 

 tween the nervous system of the king crab and Arachnida has 

 been already indicated f. Tt has not been, we think, sufficiently 

 taken into account that Limulus is a generalized or synthetic type, 

 combining with features of its own certain resemblances to the 

 Arachnida and to the normal Crustacea. In its mode of respiration, 

 its external gills, and in its circulatory organs it is, as we have 

 previously stated J, essentially a crustacean, but should be placed 

 apart from the normal Crustacea, and form the living representative 

 of a subclass, equivalent to all the other living Crustacea. To 

 Limulus are closely allied the fossil Merostomata ; and we regard, 

 for reasons already stated, the Trilobites as closely allied to the 

 Merostomata. 



For this subclass we have proposed the name Palaeocarida ; and 

 for the normal Crustacea we have proposed the term Neocarida. 



* " The Development of Limulus polyphemus" by A. S. Packard, Jun. 

 (Memoirs of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., published March 1872). 



t 'American Naturalist,' vol. ix. pp. 422, 42o, July 1875. 



X "Further Observations on the Embryology of Limulus, with notes 

 on its Affinities," American Naturalist, Nov. 1873, vol. vii. p. 675. 



