Sponge-fauna of Norway. 245 



Fleming, at the time of the publication of his 'British Animals/ 

 appears to believe it to be not an Alcyonium, but still iden- 

 tical with Miiller's specimen, and accordingly gives it both a 

 new generic and specific name. At last Johnston, seeing that 

 it is not the type of a new genus, sinks both Dr. Fleming's 

 generic and specific names, and, correctly assigning the speci- 

 men to Geodia, renames it zetlandica." 



In 1860 * Oscar Schmidt, in discussing the synonymy of 

 Bowerbank's genera, expressed his doubts as to the position 

 of Geodia M c Andrewi, Bwk., and stated that it might per- 

 haps be a Caminus. He adopts Bowerbank's genus Pachy- 

 matisma, and suggests that Geodia, Bwk., is equivalent to 

 Geodia, Sdt., plus (with a query) Caminus, Sdt. 



In 1867 Dr. Gray f, for the first time since its institution, 

 asserted the claims of Fleming's genus to an independent 

 existence. Earlier in the year Dr. Gray had described and 

 figured a new and curious Geodine sponge in which the 

 cortex is divided into a number of distinct plates, and which 

 possesses a central axis of globate spicules. This he made 

 the basis of a new genus, Placospongia, and, indeed, of a 

 whole new family, the Placospongiadce. Dr. Gray's arrange- 

 ment of the Geodine sponges is as follows : — 



Fam. 1. Geodiadae. 

 Genus 1. Pachymatisma, Bwk. P. Johnstoni, Bwk. 



2. Geodia, Lmk. G. gibherosa, Lmk. 



3. Cydonium, Fleming. G. Barretti, Bwk. 



4. Eeylus, Gray. E. mammillaris, Sdt. 



5. Teiate, Gray. T. discophora, Sdt. 



6. Caminus, Sdt. C. Vukani, Sdt. 



Fam. 2. Placospongiadse. 



Genus 1. Placospongia, Gray. P. melobesioides, Gray. 



In 1868 Bowerbank \ commented on Dr. Gray's reinstate- 

 ment of Fleming's genus as follows : — " Dr. Fleming de- 

 scribes his genus as having polypi with a central opening and 

 an orifice at the base of each of the eight pinnated tentacles, 

 showing either that he had greatly mistaken the nature of 



* Zweites Suppl. d. Spong. d. adriat. Meeres, p. 11. 

 t Proc. Zool. Soc. 1807, pp. 127, 492. 

 % Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 131. 



Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 5. Vol. v. 17 



