THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 121 



Beginning in the south these lakes are : — Shirwa, Nyassa, 

 Kela, Bangweolo, Rukwa, Mwero, Tanganyika, Kivu, the 

 Albert Edward Nyanza, the Albert Nyanza, the Victoria 

 Nyanza, the chain of lakes in association with Beringo, and 

 Lake Rudolf. 



The lakes actually examined during the Tanganyika 

 expeditions were : — 



Shirwa, Nyassa, Kela, Tanganyika, Kivu, the Albert 

 Edward Nyanza, the Albert Nyanza, the Victoria Nyanza, 

 and Lake Nivasha. 



For our information about Lake Bangweolo we are 

 dependent upon the observations of Livingstone, Weatherley, 

 and the late M. Foa. Rukwa has been examined geo- 

 graphically by Mr. Wallace, and some information respect- 

 ing its fauna was collected by the German explorer, 

 Dr. Fiilleborn. 



Mwero has been examined, and the general characteristics 

 of its fauna been ascertained through the exertions of Mr. 

 Crawshay and H.M. Commissioner, Mr. Alfred Sharp. 



Beringo and the minor lakes in association with it were 

 examined by Professor Gregory ; while for Rudolf we are 

 dependent on the somewhat scanty observations made by 

 Messrs. Donaldson Smith, Cavendish and Harrison. 



In making a general survey of the faunistic characters of 

 these usually vast and often remotely isolated inland waters, 

 it will perhaps be most convenient to begin with what is 

 known of the fauna of Lake Nyassa. The faunistic 

 characters of this lake are to a large extent typical of those 

 in the majority of the African lakes, and are an indi- 

 vidualisation of what may be called the fresh-water fauna of 

 Africa generally, this in turn being but a slight modification 

 of the fresh- water fauna of the world. 



Nyassa lies in an immensely long and relatively narrow 



