1 66 THE TANGANYIKA PROBLEM. 



21. Synodontis granulosus. — Blgr. 1900. (Fig., p. 167.) 



Body feebly compressed, its depth equal to the length of the head, and contained 

 3 to 3^ times in the total length. Head not or but slightly longer than broad, 

 feebly depressed, covered with granular asperities ; frontal fontanelle rather narrow ; 

 snout rounded, a little more than half the length of the head ; eye directed upwards, 

 its diameter 5.J to 6 times in the length of the head, i\ to 2§ times in the width of the 

 interocular region, which is slightly convex ; no occipital keel. Lips moderately 

 developed ; maxillary barbel simple, as long as or a little longer than the head, and 

 not extending beyond the anterior third of the pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels 

 inserted on a straight transverse line, the outer § or § the length of the head and 

 thrice that of the inner, both with very short branches, especially near the base, 

 where they are tubercular. Pnemaxillary teeth small and numerous, forming a 

 broad band ; anterior mandibular teeth small, feebly curved, hardly g the diameter 

 of the eye, and numbering 40 to 42. Gill-cleft not extending interiorly beyond the 

 base of the pectoral fin. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose, tectiform, a little longer 

 than broad, ending in two rounded points which extend to the level of the base of 

 the first soft dorsal ray. Humeral process covered with granular asperities, keeled, 

 narrow and sharply pointed, extending nearly as far back as the occipito-nuchal 

 shield. The skin of the whole body, including the adipose fin, covered with 

 small, closely-set, granular papillae. Dorsal I. 7 ; spine rather strong, 1^ times as 

 long as the base of the fin, striated and armed behind with 10 to 15 retrorse serrse. 

 Adipose dorsal 4 times as long as deep, 2.} to 3! times as long as its distance from 

 the rayed dorsal. Anal III. 8. Pectoral spine very strong, as long as that of the 

 dorsal, striated, feebly denticulate on the anterior border, with 15 to 17 strong 

 retrorse serne on the posterior border. Ventral not reaching anal. Caudal deeply 

 notched. Olive above, yellowish beneath ; dorsal, anal and paired fins black in 

 front, orange behind ; caudal black, with a broad orange posterior margin. 



Total length, 230 millim. 



Described from three specimens from the north end of Lake Tanganyika, in rather 

 deep water. 



22. Synodontis multipunctatus. — Blgr. 1900. (Fig. facing p. 174.) 



Praemaxillary teeth in 5 or 6 irregular transverse series ; mandibular teeth in a 

 single series of 16, feebly curved, simple, measuring hardly \ diameter of eye. 

 Depth of body i\ times in total length ; length of head, 3§. Head scarcely longer 

 than broad, slightly convex on the crown ; snout rounded, less than half length of 

 head, twice as long as eye ; eye supero-lateral, well visible from above, its diameter 

 4t times in length of head, twice in interorbital width. Gill-cleft very narrow, 

 not extending below base of pectoral. Maxillary barbel simple, reaching a little 

 beyond anterior third of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels strongly fringed, outer 

 a little more than twice as long as inner, and half as long as maxillaries. Dorsal 

 II. 7 ; spine strong, a little shorter than the head, strongly serrated behind in its 

 distal half. Adipose fin low, a little shorter than the head, twice as long as its 

 distance from the dorsal. Humeral process simply granulate, sharply pointed, not 

 extending quite so far as the occipito-nuchal shield, which is \h as long as broad, 



