6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Paoc. 4th Ser. 



making his famous trip up the coast, staying the winter of 

 1791 -'92 at the harbor that bears his name. As a result of 

 this trip, and that of Lewis and Clark to the Columbia 

 later, the country was jointly occupied by the British and the 

 United States till the treaty of 1846 gave the Oregon terri- 

 tory to the United States. And later, in 1855-'59, Governor 

 Stevens's treaties settled the Indian troubles. 



The explorers found a tribe of short, heavy set Indians 

 occupying the valley of each stream that flowed out into the 

 ocean or strait; the village of the tribe being at the mouth of 

 the respective stream. In addition, the Makahs occupied the 

 Cape Flattery section of the peninsula and the Chemakums 

 the Port Townsend division. These lived principally by 

 fishing, though they also hunted. They represented different 

 linguistic stocks and were continually at war with each other. 

 The wars were carried on principally for the purpose of cap- 

 turing slaves. Besides the slaves, who were almost always 

 cruelly treated, the people of each tribe were divided into 

 chieftain stock and the base people. The former owned the 

 land and received the greater part of the benefits of the hunt- 

 ing expeditions and of the fish and whale catches. In fact 

 the base people were considered only a little better than slaves. 



The peninsula divides itself into several archaeological 

 fields, namely : The Quillayute region, the Hoh region, the 

 Ozette-Makah region, and the Strait of Fuca and Sound 

 region. The archaeology of each of these divisions will be 

 considered in the order given. 



The Quillayute Region 



The Quillayute region centers about the Indian village of 

 LaPush, Washington, at the mouth of Quillayute River on 

 the western coast of the Olympic peninsula some 36 miles 

 down the coast from Cape Flattery at the entrance of the 

 Strait of Juan de Fuca. It includes the territory drained by 

 Quillayute River and its tributaries and also extends up and 

 down the coast for several miles on each side of the Indian 

 village. The archaeological remains found in this region 

 are middens, burial mounds, a cave-burial place near James 

 Island, and over-mounds. 



