8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Se». 



The middens are of three classes, based upon age : ancient, 

 old, and recent. 



The recent middens were made since the Astoria-Hudson 

 Bay fur trading began, as is attested by the Hudson Bay 

 Company's beads being intermingled with the middens. These 

 middens were observed on James Island (the ancient home of 

 the Quillayute Indians just off the shore from the present 

 village), on both the Lagoon and Pacific water fronts at 

 LaPush, and on and flanking Pacific Street ridge in the vil- 

 lage itself. In all, they veneer an area of about 20 acres, 

 some places detected only by the scattered "blue beads". The 

 middens themselves are like those which will be described 

 later, except they are less thick and are practically unde- 

 cayed. 



The middens here designated "old", underlie the recent at 

 LaPush and on James Island ; scattered patches also occur at 

 several other places. Their greatest thickness, however, is to 

 be found on James Island, where the Quillayutes were mak- 

 ing their last stand against the Makahs to the northwest 

 when the white man came on the scene. But how much of 

 the middens on this island are "old", how much recent, and 

 how much ancient, can not now be determined. The area 

 which they cover has been used as a garden for many years ; 

 and, consequently, they have been much disturbed. Their 

 original thickness of five to 15 feet, however, indicates that 

 they were many years in accumulating. The midden material 

 is here much decayed, but to a less degree than that of the 

 next series described below. 



The ancient middens underlie and are found to be inter- 

 mixed with the more recent middens on James Island. They 

 are also found on the Pacific water-front, also flanking and 

 capping Pacific Street ridge at LaPush. A large patch of 

 them also occurs near Jackson Creek about six miles south of 

 the present village, and another, beyond the "point" on the 

 coast about two miles northwest of the mouth of Quillayute 

 River. Combined, they cover many acres in extent, but their 

 original areas can not now be determined. The encroaching 

 ocean has now removed practically the whole area on the 

 Pacific front at LaPush; it removed a space along the whole 

 village front 200 feet wide from 1904 to 1907. It has re- 



