Vol. VII] REAGAN— ARCH JEOLOGICAL NOTES 9 



duced the Jackson Creek area to a small wedge-shaped piece 

 of land, and each high tide carries more of it away. The 

 area above the "Point" also breasts each high tide. Further- 

 more, Quillayute River in the ages gone by has removed 

 the northwest end of Pacific Street ridge and since 1912 has 

 returned in its course and is again undermining the north 

 end of this ridge. These facts, together with the fact that 

 the coast in this region is sinking, show conclusively that 

 these midden-areas were much larger originally than now. 

 Middens of this age are also found far inland, at Beaver 

 Prairie, Forks Prairie, Quillayute Prairie, and at various 

 camping places along the Quillayute River and its tributaries ; 

 more recent middens are also found at each of these places. 



These ancient middens, as of the other classes previously 

 mentioned, are composed of decaying remains of marine 

 shells, intermingled with enormous quantities of ashes, cal- 

 cined and fractured rocks and other refuse material, all 

 showing evidence of extreme age. Their age is further at- 

 tested by the fact that huge trees, hundreds of years old, are 

 growing on them. 



A list of the marine and other species found in these mid- 

 dens, together with drawings of similar sea species are to be 

 found at the close of this section. 



The relics found in the middens are few in number, and 

 but few of them are of stone. In the valley of the Quillayute 

 River and southward along the coast for many miles, there 

 are no hard slates, schists, or volcanic rock of any sort ; and 

 only to the northward in the Makah lands are there even 

 granite boulders in any great number. Consequently, the 

 Quillayutes had no material of which to make stone imple- 

 ments, except the agates of the beach. These they made into 

 arrow heads but in no great numbers. Arrowheads when 

 found, have usually been of the rough paleolithic type. The 

 finding of implements of jade-like rock and basaltic glass or 

 thin slate is indicative of an attack made on the village by the 

 tribes to the north, where these rocks are plentiful. The 

 people of those old times had no earthen pottery; basketry 

 was used plentifully, and cups, dishes, spoons, and plates were 

 made of wood. Fish knives were usually made of clam or 

 mussel shells; the adzes, axes, skinning knives, scrapers, and 



