16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Paoc. 4th Seb. 



trout {Salmo, species), Anarrhichthys, species, spring salmon 

 (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) , sockeye salmon (O. nerka), 

 silver salmon (O. kisutch), dog salmon (O. keta), humpback 

 salmon (O. gorbuscha), and steelhead trout (Salmo gaird- 

 neri). 



Bones of animals identified : Elk, big horn, mountain 

 goat,^ black bear, Putorius, species?, black-tailed deer, wild 

 cat, beaver, raccoon and otter. 



Plant remains found in the middens (found in fragments 

 only) : Gigantic kelp (Fucus gigantea), salmon berry 

 (Rubus spectabilis Pursh), raspberry (Rubus leucodermis 

 Dougl.)?, Vaccinum, species, Kammas {S cilia fraseri), Acer 

 circinatum (half charred), Sambucus racemosa Linn., red 

 cedar — wood fragments (Thuja plicata), salal (Gaultheria 

 shallon Gr.), equisitum tubers (found only in very thinly 

 pressed-out fragments), fern roots, roots of several kinds of 

 sea-weeds, roots of the eel-grass, thumb berry (Rubus odor- 

 atus), elder Arctostophylus uva-ursi 



The principal remains of birds found were those of ducks 

 and geese, that is, of the edible water fowl in general. 



The Hoh Region. 



The Hoh Indian village is situated at the mouth of the 

 Hoh River, 14 miles down the coast southeast of LaPush 

 (Washington). It is now occupied by only a few Indians, 

 but in the long ago it was one of the most populous villages 

 on the coast. Furthermore, since discovered, it has had a 

 checkered career. 



The site of the Hoh village is an ancient midden heap. 

 Other midden heaps are to be found at all convenient land- 

 ing places along the coast for many miles. An ancient 

 midden heap is also to be found on the Hoh River some 16 

 miles inland at a place called the "bench," on a benched area 

 where the Olympic glacier made a stand on its retreat up the 

 mountains from the coast. That some of these midden piles 

 are very ancient is evidenced by the fact that huge forests 

 are growing over them. At Hoh a giant cedar of the age of 



*The latter two are found usually only in the ladle form of the horns. 



