20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 



north of the mountains. These remains, which are mostly 

 middens, show no intermixture with the Indians to the 

 north who used stone implements and who made their house- 

 hold gods, effigies, and totems out of stone. The Quilla- 

 yutes were not a stone-implement making people; hence the 

 conclusion that they made the very old midden remains in 

 this section.^ 



The Ancient archaeological remains are middens, burial 

 mounds, and oven mounds very similar to those above de- 

 scribed. They differ, however, from the last in that stone 

 implements are plentiful. These seem to indicate an inva- 

 sion of the region from the north, the invaders being later 

 driven out by the Quillayutes; or probably they were the 

 first people in the region and they were dispossessed by the 

 latter. 



^The Quillayutes have a tradition that they once lorded it over the whole peninsula 

 from Port Townsend on the Strait of Fuca to Hoh on the Pacific coast. Moreover, 

 both the Makahs and the Quillayutes each have a tradition that they originated where 

 they are now; that is, the Makahs were created at tha cai>e and the Quillayutes at 

 LaPush. The legend concerning their creation is that, first, animals were produced, 

 and from the union of some of these with a star which fell from heaven came the 

 first men, and from them sprang all the race of Makahs, Cloquets and Nittinats of the 

 Makah group, and the Quillayutes, Hohs and Chemakums of the Quillayute family. 

 The tradition, which is common both at Quillayute and Neah Bay, also goes on to 

 say that Indians were created on Vancouver Island also at the same time. It is a 

 curious thing about this myth that both the Makahs and Quillayutes tell it, yet neither 

 includes the other in it. 



Another tradition which is common to the two tribes and which accounts for the 

 scattering of each tribe from its parent home, as the tradition goes, is the flood myth. 



This myth, according to the Quillayutes, is that a long time ago the great thunder- 

 bird became enraged and caused the waters of the great deep to rise and cover even 

 the very tops of the mountains with water. When the sea began to rise the Quillayutes 

 took to their boats. The sea was four days in rising and four in receding. The people 

 in their boats sailed as the wind and water currents took them, as there was neither 

 sun nor land to guide them. When the waters receded, they were much scattered. 

 One segregation found themselves at Hoh, another at Chemakum (Port Townsend), 

 and a third succeeded in returning to their own home. 



Concerning the same myth the Makahs say: A long time ago the water of the 

 Pacific flowed through what is now the swamp and prairie between Waatch village and 

 Neah Bay, making an island of Cape Flattery. The water suddenly receded, leaving 

 Neah Bay perfectly dry. For four days the water ebbed out. Then, without any 

 waves or breakers, it rose till it had submerged the whole country, excepting the tops 

 of the mountains at Cloquet. The water was warm as it came up to the houses. As 

 it rose the Indians took to their canoes and floated off with the current, which set 

 very strongly to the north, but as there were no landmarks and as the sky was con- 

 tinually clouded, some drifted one way and some another. When the waters subsided 

 to their accustomed level, some of the Makahs found themselves at Nootka, where 

 their descendants now reside. Some found homes at other places to the north. Many 

 canoes came down in trees and were destroyed and numerous lives were lost. The 

 waters were four days regiaining their accustomed level. 



The Waatch prairie shows conclusively that the water of the Pacific once flowed 

 through it; and on cutting through the turf at any place between Neah Bay and Waatch 

 the whole stratum is found to be fine beach sand, intermingled with ocean shells, some- 

 times collected in piles and ridges as if they had been ancient midden heaps. In some 

 places the turf is not more than a foot thick; at others, the alluvial deposit is two or 

 three feet. As this portion of the country shows conclusive evidence of volcanic 

 action and earthquake disturbances on a gigantic scale, there is every reason to believe 

 that there was a gradual depression and subsequent upheaval of the earth's crust, 

 which made the waters rise and recede, as the Indians allege. 



