194 Colonel Tytler un the Birds observed during 



tion, from the bottom of the valleys to the highest mountain- 

 tops. In the valleys, owing to the abundance of water, there 

 are numerous rice-fields ; but higher up, wheat and barley are 

 sown. From Simla to the Tonse the cattle are all of the pigmy 

 black hill-breed ; but on the Mussoorie side of this river they are 

 of the large white-and-red breed found in the Dhoon and hill- 

 terais. Large flocks of goats and sheep are frequently met with 

 grazing on the slopes of the hills. The latter are kept more for 

 their wool than for eating. On the flat grassy patches excellent 

 mushrooms and splendid round truflles, called " marewah," the 

 size of a Goose/s egg, are found and eaten in great quantities. 

 On all the mountain -heights delicious wild strawberries grow. 

 These, with the roots of ferns, form chief part of the food of the 

 Moonal [Lophophorus impeyanus] . 



I shall now commence my observations on the avifauna of 

 the country passed through, as far as it was possible to make any, 

 considering the few days occupied in marching through it, and 

 the constant rainy weather experienced. 



1. Gypaetus barbatus (L.) [7].* Not common; seen 

 singly or in pairs at all elevations. 



2. Otogyps calvus (Scop.) [2]. I saw only three, at ele- 

 vations of from 5000 to 7000 feet. 



3. Otogyps fulvus (Gm.) [3]. A solitary one was seen 

 flying over Chepal ; and at Phagoo I saw several. 



4. Neoprhon ginginianus (Lath.) [6]. Not common. I 

 did not see more than a dozen altogether at all heights. 



5. BuTEO VULGARIS (Bechst.) [44]. I saw a pair evidently 

 breeding near Pakree. 



* [As the nomenclature employed by oui" contributor differs in many 

 cases from that of Dr. Jerdon, we have thought it would be convenient 

 to our readers to add, in square brackets, the number prefixed to each 

 species in the ' Birds of India.' In two cases, however, (Nos. 76 and 96) 

 it has not been possible to do this ; for we have been imable to identify 

 the species under the names used by Col. Tytler with any published de- 

 scriptions ; and we trust he will kindly referus to the passages in which 

 they are to be found. — Ed.] 



