Rev. H. B. Tristram on the Oraithtdogy of Palestine. 327 



saw, but never obtained. Numenius arquata was certainly one 

 species on the coast ; but whether the other smaller bird was 

 N. phceopus or N. teniiirostris I cannot say. The Sandcrling 

 {Calidris arenaria), Greenshank {Totanus glottis), Wood Sand- 

 piper (7*. glareola), Green Sandpiper [T. ochropus), Redshank 

 {T. calidris), T)\xn\in [Tringa alpina), Curlew-Sandpiper {T. su- 

 barquata). Little Stint [T. minuta), Common Sandpiper {Actitis 

 hypoleucus), Woodcock {Scolopax rusticola). Snipe [Gallinago 

 media), Jack Snipe (G. gallinula), and Totanus stagnatilis were 

 all obtained by us, — Totanus ochropus, which was very common 

 as late as June, long after all the others had left. Several of 

 these species we found on the Dead Sea, and at its southern 

 end. On one occasion Mr. Upcher brought down a Bubo asca- 

 laphus and a Woodcock by a double shot, out of a cave high up in 

 the side of a bare and treeless dry ravine, out of which they were 

 startled by my shooting a Wall-Creeper [Tichodroma muraria\ 



Of the Rallidce, the Corncrake [Crex pratensis), Water-Rail 

 {Rallus aquaticus), Water-hen {Gallinula chloropus). Coot (Fulica 

 atra), and Porphyrio hyacinthinus are all permanent residents, 

 Crex pratensis in particular being universally diffused and met 

 with at all seasons. The smaller Crakes, Crex porzana and 

 C. pygmcEus, we did not find, though they doubtless exist in 

 suitable localities. 



We were rather surprised at bringing down a Flamingo [Phce- 

 nicopterus antiquorum), in fine adult plumage, on the Kishon, 

 near its mouth, where there is scarcely any cover, and where a 

 few were generally to be seen in winter. We also occasionally 

 saw a flock high in the air elsewhere, but never discovered their 

 breeding-place, though in July a very young bird was shot 

 close to the place where we procured our first specimen. 



Cygnus olur, though common in Greece and Egypt, I did not 

 procure; but a fine adult specimen of Cygnus ferns was brought 

 to me in the flesh at Jerusalem, on December 26, through the 

 kindness of Dr. Chaplin, our medical missionary there. It 

 had been shot on the Pool of Solomon two or three days before. 

 I believe this is by far the most southern locality yet quoted 

 for the species. I found, however, that the Swan was known by 

 name and sight to our Arabs, who of course did not discrinii- 



