440 E-ev. A. C. Smith on the Birds of Portugal. 



39. *Saxicola rubicola (Linn.). Stonechat. " Cartaxo." 

 As you traverse the country by railroad, from south to north, 



i. e. from Lisbon to Oporto, or from west to east, ^. e. from 

 Lisbon to Badajoz or Evora, you would undoubtedly say that 

 there is but one bird really abundant in Portugal, and that is 

 S. rubicola ; for you shall seldom look from the carriage- windows 

 but you will sec some of that species perched on the telegraph- 

 wires ; and indeed it is extremely abundant throughout the 

 country. 



40. *Saxicola rubetra (Linn.). Whinchat. " Cartaxo." 

 4L *Saxicola (ENANTHE (Linn.). Wheatear. " Caiada." 



42. fSAxicoLA AURiTA (Tcmm.). Black-eared Wheatear. 

 " CaiadaJ' 



43. *Saxicolastapazina (Linn.). Russet Wheatear. " Cai- 

 ada." 



These four species are all common, though by no means so 

 abundant as S. rubicola. With regard to a specimen of S. stapazina 

 which I shot and brought home, Mr. Tristram remarks : — " It 

 is in an interesting stage of plumape, not having yet assumed 

 the bright russet head of the breeding-plumage, but being in 

 the winter state, in which I never saw a European specimen ; 

 but I have them in that stage from Africa." 



44. ^Philomela LUsciNiA (Linn.). Nightingale. " Rouxi- 

 nol." 



Though I cannot with truth assert, as some have done, that I 

 have been kept awake all night at Cintra by the chorus of 

 Nightingales which throng the lovely gardens and coppices of 

 that much -lauded retreat of the Lisbonites in hot weather, yet 

 I have listened to those birds in greater numbers there than I 

 have ever known elsewhere, more especially in the beautiful 

 gardens and woods of Montserrat, where I wandered with my 

 gun for several consecutive days, and where the intelligent 

 Scotch gardener, Mr. Burt, a true ornithologist at heart, and a 

 collector and preserver on a small scale, gave me every facility 

 for pursuing my investigations. 



