Rev. A. C. Smith un the Birds of Portugal. 443 



These are the common Pipits of Portugal. Of the latter 

 species, a specimen which I shot and brought home fairly- 

 puzzled Mr. Tristram for a time, no easy matter in any case ; for 

 it showed so yellow a tint on the lower surface as to resemble 

 none in that gentleman's collection from Spain, Algeria, Greece, 

 and Palestine. Subsequently, however, Mr. Tristram wrote me 

 word that he had " come to the conclusion that the bird was in 

 young plumage, a state in which we seldom find it in Europe," 

 and that in this view he was " supported by the fact that its 

 congeners have a deep yellow tint when young, which is absent 

 in the old birds." More rarely are seen in Portugal A. spino- 

 letta (Linn, j, the Water-Pipit, and A. trivialis (Linn.), the Tree- 

 Pipit. 



64. *Alauda arvensis, Linn. Sky-Lark. '* Calhandra" 

 " Laveria." 



Very common. In reference to a specimen which I sent Mr. 

 Tristram for examination, he writes from Greatham : — " It is 

 remarkably dark on the back : of a great series from almost 

 every country of Europe, West Asia, and North Africa, I only 

 find one exactly corresponding in the absence of a chestnut 

 hue in the lighter portion of the feathers of the back ; and that 

 was shot here." 



65. *Alauda arborea, Linn. Wood-Lark. 



Local and not common. Mr. Tristram writes of my speci- 

 men that it " is darker than continental specimens, and dark 

 for an English bird." 



66. fALAUDA brachydactyla, Leisl. Short-toed Lark. 

 " Carreirola." 



Said to be common throughout the country. 



67. *Alauda calandra, Linn. Calandra Lark. " CochichoP 

 Common everywhere throughout the open plains and fields, 



and the most favourite cage-bird amongst the inhabitants of 

 villages and towns; one may count them by dozens in a single 

 street in their cages outside the windows and doors. Mr. Tris- 

 tram remarks of two which I forwarded to him : — " The Ca- 

 landra Larks are dark ; one is of the ordinary size, the other 



N. S. — VOL. IV. 2 II 



