106 Prof. M'Intosh's Notes from the 



fortune to meet with many examples amongst hordes of Salpce 

 which appeared in the harbour of Bergen, and thej made 

 advances on the observations of Sars, especially in regard to 

 the relationship of the asterid to its pelagic apparatus. 

 Their specimens did not quite reach the length of the ex- 

 amples of Sars, being 30 millim. long. They pointed out 

 the lancet-like anterior region for swimming and the arrange- 

 ment of the arms, which they termed tentacles, and they 

 noticed that when swimming they were continually agitate!. 

 They also described circular and longitudinal muscles under 

 the integument of the Bipinnaria. Their figures represent 

 nearly the same stage as those procured by Sars, J. Alii Her, 

 and those from St. Andrews, though the figure of the entire 

 form is too small for minute criticism. The enlarged region 

 with the arms is carefully represented. 



Johannes Miiller next published a careful account with figures 

 of a similar form from Helsingor and Marseilles, aided by 

 specimens from Norway, and originally transmitted by 

 Danielssen, who, along with Koren, again alluded to the 

 larva in the ' Fauna Littoralis Norvegise ' *. 



Younger forms of a Bipinnaria without the larval starfish 

 were procured by Mr. Garstang j" off Plymouth, and he gives 

 a minute account of the structure, with two excellent figures. 

 The stage represented is a comparatively early one — inter- 

 mediate, as he says, between that of the Bipinnaria of Sars 

 and the ordinary one of Asterias. The size, about 3 millim., 

 shows that its development was far from being complete, and 

 if we add the fin-like expansions to the anterior end of the 

 preoral lobe and to the sides of its median fin, together with 

 the grouping of the arms around the larval starfish in the 

 later stages, the resemblance, generically at any rate, is 

 complete. 



The structure of the same larva was utilized by Mr. H. 

 Bury \ in his important paper on the morphology of Echino- 

 derms. His specimens came from Naples and Messina, and 

 in the earlier stages seem to differ in the form of the preoral 

 lobe, to judge from the figure §. 



In St. Andrews Bay, on the 30th September, 1896, a form 

 closely allied (PI. II. figs. 8, 9), if not identical with, the 

 foregoing was procured in the bottom-net in 5-6 fathoms 

 about half a mile from the pier, along with various larval star- 

 fishes and young swimming crabs. A west wind had succeeded 



* Part II. 



t Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. xxxv. p. 451, pi. xxviii. (1894). 



\ Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xxxviii., n. s. 



§ Op cit. pi. v. fig. 18. 



