372 Mr. E. Atkinson on 



Fly. 3. Caligus tenax, 3 , Heller, from beneath. 



3 a. Hamulus anterior. 



Fig. 4. Caligodes carangis, § , sp. n., from the back, enlarged. 



4 b. The same in profile. 4 c. Genital segment and abdomen. 



Ad. Cephalothorax from beneath, much enlarged. Ae. Last 

 joint of the first peraeopod. 4 /. Third peraeopod. 

 Ag. Caudal plates. Ah. Last joint of the posterior an- 

 tenna. 4 i. Second maxilliped. 4j. Fourth pei\)eopod. 

 4 k. Furcula from the side. 



Plate XII. 



Fig. 1. Alcbion carcharits, 2 , Kr., from the back, enlarged. 



1 a. Second maxilliped, much enlarged. 1 b. First and second 



peraeopods. 1 c. Third and fourth perasopods. 1 d. Margin 

 of the genital segment. 1 e. Extremity of posterior process 

 of the genital segment. 

 Fig. 2. Lernanthropus nudus, 2 > S P- n «> seen from the back, enlarged. 



2 a. The same seen from the side. 2 6. Cephalothorax, much 



enlarged, from beneath. 2 c. Part of the margin of the 

 first peivTopod. 2d. Abdomen and posterior processes, 

 showing ovarian tubes and spermatophores attached. 

 Fig. 3. Male of the same, enlarged. 



3 a. Male and female " in copula." 3 b. Anterior and posterior 



antenna?. 3 c. Extremity of first maxilliped. 3d. Abdo- 

 men and caudal plates. 

 Fig. 4. Embryos in two stages of development. 



N.B. — The line to the right of a figure shows the natural 

 length of the animal. 



XLIT. — Extraordinary Vitality of Entomostraca in Mud 

 from Jerusalem. By Edward ATKINSON, F.L.S. 



Just forty years ago, when, residing in Jerusalem, I was in 

 the habit of using my scanty leisure in natural-history pur- 

 suits, I chanced upon a little discovery which has proved to 

 be of no small interest. 



Strolling one hot day in May 1858 by the margin of the 

 old reservoir outside the Jaffa Gate, known as the Birket 

 Mamilla, or Upper Pool of Gihon — then dry — I took a fancy 

 to explore its bed. A few weeks had elapsed since the last 

 of the water had been drawn off through its ancient conduit 

 into the so-called Pool of Hezekiah within the city. 



This Pool of Gihon, more than 2500 years old, was probably, 

 when originally constructed, part of the system of pools and 

 aqueducts by which water was brought from the Pools of 

 Solomon at Urtas, beyond Bethlehem, for the supply of the 

 capital; but now little or no water enters it from that source, 



