410 Mr. A. S. Woodward on 



anterior half of the dorsal, midway between the pectorals and 

 the anal. The short dorsal fin is depressed and the number 

 of its rays cannot be counted ; its origin is nearly as far from 

 the occiput as is its hinder end from the base of the caudal 

 fin. The anal fin, also depressed in the fossil, is shown to 

 have been very small, arising somewhat nearer to the caudal 

 fin than to the pelvic pair. The large caudal fin is clearly 

 forked. It is difficult to determine the characters of the 

 squamation ; but a careful study of the specimen proves the 

 scales to be cycloid, moderately large, and very deeply over- 

 lapping. The large overlapped area is truncated at the front 

 border and is marked by a few deep furrows slightly radiating 

 forwards from the centre of the scale. These furrows give 

 the false appearance of elongated scales described by Davis 

 " on the abdominal surface." There are no traces of thick- 

 ened ridge- scales. 



The fish thus described cannot belong to the genus Clupea, 

 and no characters are known by which it can be separated 

 from the Cretaceous Elopine genus Osmeroides. It differs 

 from all the known species of the latter in its general propor- 

 tions, the length of the head with opercular apparatus con- 

 siderably exceeding the maximum depth of the trunk and 

 contained nearly three times in the length from the pectoral 

 arch to the base of the caudal fin. 



6. Engraulis (?) tenuis, J. W. Davis, he. cit. p. 583, pi. xxx. 

 fig. 4. [= Telepholis (?) tenuis. - ] 



The type specimen of this species described by Davis is 

 exposed from the dorsal aspect as far back as the anterior end 

 of the caudal region, which is displayed in side view. The 

 cranium is shown to be long and narrow, while the right 

 quadrate bone and other remains prove that the mouth was 

 small, the mandible not being more than half as long as the 

 skull. There are no clear indications of teeth. All the 

 vertebral centra seem to be slightly longer than deep ; they 

 are delicate constricted cylinders, which must have been 

 pierced by a continuous notochord, the space for the latter 

 being filled with calcite in the abdominal region of the fossil, 

 still hollow in the caudal region. There are about 26 abdo- 

 minal vertebra;, each bearing a pair of robust transverse 

 processes and short delicate ribs. The caudal vertebras are 

 somewhat fewer, perhaps 21, and the neural and hasmal 

 spines are both short and slender. The pectoral fins comprise 

 about 16 delicate rays, all divided and articulated distally, 

 and the longest, in the middle of each fin, are as long as the 

 head with opercular apparatus. The pelvic fins are inserted 



