CARDIUM. 11 



It ranges throughout the European seas, and is known 

 as a fossil in pleistocene deposits. 



0. eusticum, Linnaeus. 



Large, solid, with at least twenty much elevated tubercu- 

 lated and wrinkled ribs : tubercles more or less squamular on 

 the anterior ribs, and more or less prickly on the posterior ones : 

 interstices broad, and very coarsely wrinkled. 



Plate XXXI. fig. 3,4. 



Lister, Hist. Conch, pi. 329, f. 166. 

 Cardium rusticum, Linn, (not Lam. nor British writers) Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 

 681, ed. 12, p. 1124.— Poli, Test. Sicil. pi. 16, f. 5.— 

 Wood, General Conch, p. 225, pi. 55, f. 2, 3. 

 „ tuberculatum, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 679 ? ed. 12, p. 1122 ?; Mus. 

 Ulricae, p. 488. — Pulteney in Hutchins, Dorset, p. 30. 

 — Donov. Brit. Shells, vol. iii. pi. 107, f. 2. — Mont. 

 Test. Brit. p. 568. — Linn. Trans, vol. viii. p. 64. — Turt. 

 Conch. Diction, p. 28, f. 12.— Turt. Dithyra Brit. p. 

 181. — Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 421. — Brit. Marine 

 Conch, p. 95. — Brown. Illust. Conch. G. B. p. 87, pi. 

 34, f. 9.— Chemn. Conch. Cab. vol. vi. pi. 17, f. 173. 

 — Dillw. Recent Shells, vol. i. p. 117. — Lam. Anim. 

 s. Vert. (ed. Desh.) vol. vi. p. 397. — Hanl. Recent 

 Shells, p. 131. — Payraud. Cat. Moll. Corse, p. 55. — 

 Philippi, Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 50, and vol. ii. p. 37. 

 ,, echinatum, var. Moxtag. Test. Brit. p. 79, and Suppl. p. 33. 

 „ titberculare, Sowerby, Genera of Shells, Cardium, f. 3. 

 Encycloped. Methodique, Vers, pi. 298, f. 3, and pi. 300, f. 1. 



For thus introducing, under the name of rusticum (ap- 

 plied almost universally throughout England and France to 

 an aberrant variety of the Common Cockle), a Cardium so 

 generally known by the appellation of tuberculatum, some 

 few words of explanation will be demanded. The original 

 specimen of the Cardium rusticum, named by Linnaeus 

 himself, has been examined, and is precisely identical with 

 the Mediterranean form of the species we are about to de- 

 scribe. The C. tuberculatum of Linnaeus may or may not 

 be ours, so indefinite is its description, and so erroneous its 



