16 PALUDINID^. 



edly from that source in the Forth (E. F.) Tn Ireland 

 it is common throngliout the greater jjart of the island. 

 (W. Thompson). 



It is distributed throughout the greater part of Europe. 



As a fossil, it occurs for the first time in the mammal- 

 life rous crag. 



B. Leachii, Sheppard. 



Whorls tumid; aperture greatly projecting, nearly circular, 

 not being contracted posteriorly ; a distinct umbilicus. 



Plate LXXI. fig. 7, 8 and (Animal) Plate H. H. fig. 4. 



Bithinia ventrieosu. Gray, Medical Repository, 1821, p. 239 (no description); 



Manual L. and F. W. Shells, p. 94, pi. 10, f. 121. 

 Turho Leachii, Sheppard (ilarch, 1822), Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv. p. 152. 

 Paludina acuta, Fleming, Brit. Animals, p. 315. 



„ similis, TuRTON, Manual L. and F. W. Shells, p. 135, f. 121. 



„ Trosclieliana (fide specimens from Philippi). 



„ vcntricosa. Brown, lUust. Conch. G. B. p. 27, pi. 14, f. 74, 75. 



The name ventricosa having appeared without any de- 

 scription, loses all claim to priority. Hence, on the prin- 

 ciple of using that specific appellation, which has first 

 appeared with such a definition (descriptive or pictorial) that 

 naturalists could recognise the object intended, we are com- 

 pelled to adopt Mr. Sheppard's name of Leachii, although 

 that gentleman candidly acknowledges, that he received 

 the shell from Dr. Leach, under the manuscript name of 

 ventricosa. The responsibility and profound research de- 

 manded by, and generally bestowed on, a supposed new 

 species before its printed publication, is very different 

 from that cursory observation which leads a man, to whom 

 in his ordinary reading an object is unknown, to term it 

 new in a friendly correspondence, or suggest a name by 

 which it might be referred to in the ordinary exchanges of 

 local naturalists. Manuscript names and crude descrip- 



