HELIX. 199 



present species is usually much darker and of a uniform yel- 

 lowish-brown : perijohery rounded, and seldom keeled or an- 

 gulated : epidermis thick, closely covered with short recurved 

 white hairs, which are persistent and not easily rubbed off : 

 wliorh 6-7, rounded and moderately convex on both sides, 

 the last occupying about one-third of the shell : spire some- 

 what raised, but blunt : suture deep : mouth obliquely semi- 

 lunar, rather broader than high, sometimes (especially in the 

 adult) furnished with an interior rib, as in the last species : 

 outer lip thin, not reflected, and very little inflected above : 

 umbilicus small and narrow, but deep. L. 0-185. B. 0*3. 



Yar. 1. suhrufa. Shell reddish-brown and more solid, with 

 a strong labial rib. 



Yar. 2. alhida. Shell thinner, white or colourless. 



Yar. 3. conica. Shell smaller : spire more raised. 



Yar. 4. nana. Shell much smaller, but with a strong labia, 

 rib : spire depressed. L. 0-1. B. 0-2. 



Yar. 5. suhglohosa. Shell more globular and much thinner, 

 homcolour or white : umhilicus very small. H. sericea, Alder, 

 Suppl. Cat. Northumb. Moll. p. 4. 



Habitat : Everywhere under stones and logs of wood, 

 as well as among moss and herbage in woods, gardens, 

 hedges and all sorts of rural spots. Var. 1. Not un- 

 common in dry situations. Var. 2. In osier-beds, as 

 well as on the limestone at Kendal. Var. 3. At the 

 roots of Rosa spinosissima on the sand-hills near Swan- 

 sea. Var. 4. Freshwater, Isle of YV^ight (Metcalfe). 

 Var. 5. Northumberland and Durham (Alder) : Ham- 

 mersmith; Plymouth; Brocklesby, Lincolnshire (J.G.J.). 

 I have noticed this variety in Continental collections 

 as H. sericea ; but it is certainly not Miiller^s species of 

 that name, although forming a passage to it. Distor- 

 tions of the spire are sometimes met with. This species 

 is common in our upper tertiary strata. It has a wide 

 range, extending from Siberia to Sicily, from which 

 latter place Philippi has recorded it under the name of 



