VERTIGO. 255 



formed me that lie found it with V. pygmcea and V. 

 substriata at Fastcastle on Sparkleton Mountain, in 

 East Lothian, at a height of 1200 feet. Such localities 

 appear to have an obvious relation to the preglacial 

 origin of many of our Mollusca. The epiphragm of the 

 present species is filmy and iridescent, like that of the 

 smaller Pupae. Half- grown specimens have only two 

 teeth, viz. one on the pillar and the other on the pillar 

 lip. The number of teeth in adult specimens varies 

 from six to ten. The shell does not differ much in size. 

 It is the Turbo sexdentatus of Montagu, the V. sep- 

 temdentata of Ferussac, Charpentier, and others, the V. 

 octodentata of Studer, and the V. palustris of Leach. 

 The Pupa ovata of Say (a North- American shell) is 

 closely allied to this species. 



2. V. Moulinsia'na*, Dupuy. 



Pupa Moulinsiana, Dup. Cat. Gall. Test. no. 284, and Moll. Fr. p. 415. 

 pi. 20. f. 11. 



Body rather slender, dark-grey above and of a paler colour 

 below : tentacles rather thick, short, clavate and obtuse at their 

 extremities : foot narrow. 



Shell oval, very thin and nearly transparent, exceedingly 

 glossy, light yellowish-horncolour, very faintly striate in the 

 line of growth and microscopically striate in a spii^al direction : 

 periphery rounded : epidermis very shght : ivhorls 4^, extremely 

 tumid, the last being larger than the rest of the shell, and the 

 first whorl and a half very small in proportion : sjj?'re short, 

 remarkably abrupt and blunt at the point : suture very deep : 

 mouth semioval or forming an arch equal to nearly tAvo-thirds 

 of a circle ; teeth four, as follows — one on the middle of the 

 pillar, one on the pillar-lip, and two inside the outer lip ; 

 these teeth are of the same size, and placed at about equal 

 distances from each other and a Httle within the mouth : outer 

 lip rather thin, whitish and reflected, strengthened by a shght 



* Named after M. des Moulins, the author of several excellent papers 

 on the French Mollusca. 



