^4 Col. R. Meinertzhagen on Birds from [Ibis, 



(except Portugal), where it is confined to the hills. Breeds 

 in Greece, Crete, Sardinia, and Sicily, but apparently not in 

 Cyprus. Also in Morocco, northern Algeria, and northern 

 Tunisia. 



A very common winter visitor to Cyprus, Syria, Palestine, 

 and the north coast of Africa from the middle of October to 

 March ; common in the Slwa Oasis in January. 



They do not appear to pass far into Africa in winter, and 

 fail to reach the Sudan, where all winter visitors are maura 

 (Sclater & Praed, Ibis, 1918, p. 685). They have been 

 obtained in the Yemen in December and January (Novit. 

 Zool. 1917, p. 460). Reichenow records winter birds from 

 Kikuyu, Nandi, and Naivasha to Kenya Colony, but all my 

 specimens from east Africa are axillaris. 



Saxicola torquata hibernans. 



Pratincola t. hibernans Hartcrt, J. f. 0. 1910, p. 173 : 

 Tring, England. 



Male. Upper parts in fresh autumn plumage with much 

 broader red fringes than in ruhicola. In worn plumage 

 these fringes seldom wear off to the extent they do in 

 ruhicola, with the result that one very rarely finds birds 

 in summer with pure black backs. Upper tail-coverts, base 

 of tail, and axillaries as in ruhicola. The whole of the 

 under parts are covered with chestnut, abdomen never 

 white a? in ruhicola : the chestnut is usually darker than 

 in ruhicola. 



Female. Generally redder on both upper and under parts 

 than ruhicola. 



Wing of males 66-68, culmen 14 to 15 mm. 



Resident in Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Ireland, and 

 Britain. Birds from Oporto (Portugal) appear to belong to 

 this race (Witherby, Bull. B. 0. C. xxxix, 1919, p. 48). 



Saxicola torquata jebelmarrse. 



Saxicola t. jebelmarra: Lynes, Bull. B. 0. C. xli. 1920, 

 p. 17 : Jebel Marra, Darfur. 



Male. Differs from maura in having much darker brown 

 edgings to the feathers of the upper parts, and in having the 



