174 Rev. F. C. R. Jourdain on the [Ibis, 



the breeding pair us well as two large young in down and an 

 addled egg. 



Pike's record oi: immature birds in September 1888 at 

 Smeerenberg Bay probably refers to young L. liyperhoreus. 



47. Larus hyperboreus Gann. Glaucous Gull. 



On Bear Island breeds in considerable numbers above the 

 colonies of Guillemots and Fulmars all round the southern 

 part of the island, practically all the birds seen being in 

 fully adult plumage. The breeding-season is curiously 

 variable, but in each colony the birds apparently nest at 

 approximately the same time, so that while most of the eggs 

 in one part of the cliffs are almost hatching, those in another 

 colony, less than a mile distant, may be nearly fresh. 

 Koenig also rc})orts nests on the east side of the island at the 

 foot of the cliffs^ not far above high-water mark. On Spits- 

 bergen, though widely distributed, this S})ecies is less 

 plentiful and nests at times on the Eider holms and pinnacles 

 of rock or along ledges near the top of cliflEs. Out of about 

 150 nests examined none contained more than three eo-ffs, 

 but clutches of four have been recorded by Rijmer & 

 Schaudinn, Koenig, and Nordenskiold. 



48. Rissa tridactyla tridactyla (L.). Kittiwake. 



On Bear Island breeds in large numbers in colonies on 

 the sea cliffs, in close companionship with the Guillemots. 

 Great flocks may be met with inland, bathing in the fresh- 

 water lagoons and collecting moss for their nests. It was, 

 however, surprising to find a large colony nesting on a high 

 range of cliffs together with Fulmars and apparently also 

 Glaucous Gulls, quite out of sight of the sea, on 17 June, 

 1921. No nests examined on Bear Island contained more 

 than two eggs. In Spitsbei'gen many colonies exist on 

 cliffs, generally in company with other rock-breeding 

 species. 



49. Pagophila eburnea (Phipps). Ivory Gull. 



Only once noted on the drift-ice near Bear Island, on 

 11 June, 1908 (Koenig). On Spitsbergen the only reliable 



