1922.] Obituanj, 189 



was present at a meeting of the B. 0. C. in July, when he 

 spoke on the Dippers, describing a new species, and exhibited 

 the eggs of the Knot. He was elected a Foreign Member 

 of the Union in 1900 and a Honorary Member in 1914. 



William Spiers Bruce. 

 By the death of Dr. Bruce, on the 29th of October last year, 

 a remarkable personality has. been removed from the ranks 

 of the British Ornithologists' Union. Though his life was 

 mainly devoted to Antaictic and Arctic exploration, yet 

 zoological investigations in those regions had always a very 

 prominent place in his activities ; and to both he made con- 

 tributions of a very important nature. The former brought 

 him many honours, among others the LL.D. of the University 

 of Aberdeen and the Gold Medals of the lloyal and Scottish 

 Geographical Societies, and the Livingstone Medal of the 

 American Geographical Society. Dr. Bruce, who was an 

 intimate friend of the writer, was elected a Member of the 

 B. O. U. in 1900, and its aims were always borne in mind. 

 As a member of the Jackson- Harmsworth Expedition to 

 Franz Josef Land in 1896-7, he added the Lapp Bunting, 

 Shore-Lark, Turnstone, and the Purple and Bonaparte^s 

 Sandpipers to the avifauna of that Archipelago (Ibis, 1898, 

 pp. 249-277). At Spitsbergen in 189G he found the first 

 chicks of the Sanderling, which afforded, in addition, the 

 first definite information of the breeding of that bird in 

 Europe. In 1898 he added the Grey Piialarope to the 

 avifauna of Novaia Zemlya. In 1892 he sailed for the far 

 south as the leader of the Scottish Antarctic Expedition. 

 The expedition wintered, and some of its members spent tlie 

 Antarctic summer of 1893-4 at the South Orkneys, Avhere 

 the great and most valuable collections of birds and their 

 eggs (some of the latter being previously unknown) were 

 obtained and subsequently fully described in 'The This' 

 for 1890 (pp. 145-187, pis. iii.-xiii.). The deep-sea and 

 other marine investigations added over 150 species new 

 to science; and the geographical explorations included the 

 discovery of Coates Land — probably a part of the Antaivtic 



