1922.] On the Birds oj J hang District. 259 



XYl.— The Birds of Jhang District, S. W. Punjab. Part I. 

 Passerine Birds. By Hugh Whistler, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., 

 Indian Police. 



(With a Map— Text-figure 9.) 



Introduction. 

 Physical Characteristics of the District of Jhang. 



The District of Jhang takes its name from the ancient town 

 of Jhang which, together with the more modern town of 

 Maghiana, forms t le Headquarters of the administrative area. 

 The district lies between north latitude 30° 50' and 32°, and 

 east longitude 71° 50' and 73° along the banks of the Chenab 

 and Jhelum rivers, about the confluence of which it may be 

 said to pivot. In shape it forms a long, narrow slab along 

 the banks of the Chenab, with a length of 120 miles and an 

 extreme breadth, at right angles to that river, of 40 miles. 

 The present area is something over 3000 square miles. 

 The adjoining districts are : on the north, Shahpur and 

 Gujranwala : on the east, Lvallpur ; on the soutli, Multan 

 and Muzaffar-Garh ; and on the west, Mianwali and Shahpur. 

 The district for administrative jairposes is divided into the 

 three tehsils of Chiniot, Jhang, and Shorkot, each with 

 their headquarters at the respective towns of those names. 



The outstanding characteristic of the district is the presence 

 of the two large rivers. The Jhelum has a short course of 

 only 40 miles in the north-western corner of the district 

 until it is absorbed by the Chenab, which after a separate 

 passage of some 80 miles from the north-eastern boundary of 

 the district carries their combined waters another 40 miles 

 to the Multan and iMuzatiar-Garh borders. The course of 

 both rivers is very tortuous and is constantly changing. 

 Each river is continually working out a series of loops, 

 which gradually deviate farther antl farther from the general 

 direction of the stream until at last it breaks buck into a more 

 direct cour.-e, only to begin another looj). A general trend 

 towards the west is, however, observable. 



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