1922.] Trii) In the f'antahrian ^fovniarns. 335 



Alauda arvensis arvensis L. 



One obtained at Panes on 18 October is of the t3'pical 

 form, but may have been a migrant. We saw a few at 

 Riafio one day in a field, but as there were a number o£ 

 people working there and the Larks were rather wild we 

 did not manage to get an}'. Irby mentions them as 

 common at Potes in May and June, but we did not see 

 the bird there. 



Owing to probable immigration, it would be necessary 

 to obtain birds in the summer to make sure of the race to 

 which the breeding birds belong, and this would be an 

 interesting point to clear up in view of the local races 

 found in Portugal. , 



Anthus t. trivialis (L.). 



Anthus pratensis (L.). 



Meadow-Pipits were fairly common, even at the end of 

 September when we reached the district, but these were, I 

 suppose, immigrants, as Irby did not see them at Potes in 

 May and June. There were a good many Tree-Pipits at 

 Riafio, but we saw none at Potes or Panes, but they may 

 have left by 6 October, when we arrived at Potes. From 

 Irby's observations it appears to breed. 



tMotacilla cinerea cinerea Tunst. 

 Motacilla alba alba L. 



Both Grey and White Wagtails were common on the 

 streams. We saw no Jf. jfava of any kind. 



Certhia brachydactyla ultramontana Hartert. • 

 Tree-Creepers were common. 



Sitta europaea caesia Wolf. 



Nuthatches were fairly common and we obtained a good 

 series. These have not the small bill and pale under-parts 

 of S. e. hispaniensis, which is found in middle Spain and 

 Portugal. Thev match acsia in size and colourino-, though 

 the under-parts are seldom so richly coloured as the darkest 

 examples of ccesia. 



