490 Mr. 1^, Yl. Lowe OIL the Su/ru/lcctnee of certain [li)is, 



Aphriza : Ilomatopus ; Pagolla (wilsonius) : Zoni/>>/,v (mo- 

 destus) : Kupoda (asiatica) : Arenaria. 



Following- the Pre-C-havadriiiiaj would come the Chara- 

 DiiiiN^, that i,s, Pluvialine forms in which the lacrymals 

 are not tree hut are merged in the snpra-orbital rim, in 

 which there is a conspicuous foramen for the nasal duct 

 immediately caudad of the nasal", in which the supra- 

 orbital grooves are deeply scul[)ture(l, often perforated with 

 foramina, and extend well back to the anterior margin of 

 the parietals, and in which the supra-orbital rim is con- 

 spicuously raised, everted, or corniced. In this group are 

 included: — Charadrius (Jiiatiada x dubius ; semipalniatiis ; 

 placidus ; melodus ; cacullatus) : Plurialis : Cirrepidesmus 

 (inongolus) : ^esoceryiG [bic'inctus) : Pagoa [leschenaulti) : 

 Afroxyedius (tricollaris). 



Under another subfamily, for which I })ropose the name 

 Vanellin.*;, wo find the subjoined genera. The Vanellin;e 

 may be defined as follows : — Pluvialine forms in which the 

 lacrymals are not free but are merged in the even and 

 rounded contours of the supra-orbital rim, which is not 

 conspicuously raised, everted, or corniced (sometimes some- 

 what deepened), and in which the depressions for the nasal 

 glands form two more or less short, simple (not sculptured 

 or perforated), shallow, and more or less parallel grooves, 

 with a single foramen at the anterior extremity. This group 

 includes: — Vanellus'. C/uetusia (gregaria) : Eahyas (lencura) : 

 Eudromlas (movinelliis) : Podasocys [moatanus) : Oxijeclius 

 {voci/erus) : Eupoda (vereda) : Himantopus (3 species) : 

 StepUanihyx (inornatus) : Pliloscells {resplendens) : Hoploxy- 

 pterus (cayanus) : Belonopterus (cayennensis) : Dejilipp'ia 

 {(■rasslrostris) : Xiphidiopterus [alhweps) : Tylihyx {melano- 

 cephalus) : Microsarcops (cinereus) : Lohivanellus [imiicus) : 

 Lobiplutna {inalabarica) : Oreopldlus (ruficollis). 



So far as can be gathered from a study of the skulls of the 

 Vanelline genera, all are so remarkably alike that it would 

 even seem impossible to find characters with which to 

 extricate a Dotterel group. 



