1922.] (lun'tv'ters III somo Charadrilne [lenerd. -lOl. 



The three Vanelline tonus Hourcd on i>age 4^1 represent 

 a very accurate sampl(> of tliis similarity throughout the 

 subfamily. I might also state here that no genus is men- 

 tioned throughout this paper, an cxamjjle of which has not 

 been studied osteologically. 



Finall3% avc have the LoBiVANELLiNyK, which I define as 

 Pluvialine forms similar to the Vanellin;e but with occipital 

 fontanelles absent. In this subfamily would be included : — 

 Ilopiojjterus [sphiosus) : Lohihyx (lobatiis) : Zonifer (^tricolor) : 

 and Afribyx [senegallus). 



It may eventually be found that several of the forms 

 towards the latter end of the Vanelline list will have to be 

 transferred to the Lobivanelline, as their skulls were incom- 

 plete in the occipital region, rendering it impossible to be 

 certain if the occipital fontanelles were absent or present. 

 My impression is that the Lobivanellinic, as above defined, 

 will be found to be confined to the Old A\'orld. At any rate, 

 lIoplox>jpteriis cai/amis, OveopliUiis riifirolUs. and ViUosreJh 

 resplendens(lS(i\\\^^ov\A forms) are definitely not Lobivanelline 

 (c/. SharpC; (!at. Birds Brit. Mus. vol. xxiv.). In any case 

 I do not attach verj' much importance to this subfamilv, 

 and since this paper has been passing through the press 

 I am inclined to regard it as a specialised offshoot from the 

 Vanellinte rather than an older branch as originally indicated 

 in the phylogenetic tree (p. 4^y,\). 



The Jacanina3 and Rhynchaein;e would also be naturally 

 included in the Charadriidfo. They are probably very ancient 

 forms on the Vanelline side of the family (see text-fig. 12). 

 In connection with the remarks already made on morphology 

 and habit, it mav be Jioted that in the Jacanina? (one of the 

 most aquatic of the AVader grou})s) the supra-orbital glands 

 are absent. 



The characteristic form and arrangement taken by the 

 supra-orbital grooves (d(!pressions for the nasal glands) and 

 foramina (present or absent) for the conduction of the nasal 

 duet leading lo I he nasal region, as well as of the form of 

 the lacrymals and the general morphology of the inter- 

 orbital region, is well seen in the lext-figureson pp.480, 481, 



