628 Dr. 0. B. Ticoliurst on [Ibis, 



Sind liiids aro typical rossorum, the type and topotypes 

 oE Avhicli I liavc examined, and are distinguished from atrata 

 by their smaller size and more white on the belly in males. 

 A series measure : male, wing 70-75, bill (base) 13-15 ; the 

 third to sixth primary emarginate and the second is between 

 the seventh and eighth in length. The juvenile is very like 

 a young Whinchat ; brown above with white central spots, 

 upper tail-coverts pale fulvous, underparts creamy-whi(e with 

 faint brown edges to the feathers of the throat and breast. 

 The post-juvenile moult involves the body feathers, all 

 coverts except the primary, and the three inner secondaries ; 

 the male is then distinguished from the adult by the brownish 

 tips to the black upper parts, the fulvous tips to the breast 

 feathers, and the browner wings, tail, and primary coverts. 

 It breeds in its first year and there is no spring moult. 



It is difficult to see why Dr. Hartert refers to this race as 

 probably a winter visitor to the plains of north-west India ; 

 it is quite resident and seems peculiarly sedentary. 



Saxicola torquata indica (Blyth). 



The Indian Stonechat being a bird of cultivation or bushes 

 in its vicinity or of open well-grown tamarisk jungle, is 

 consequently commoner in Upper Sind and the Indus valley 

 than elsewhere. It is a winter visitor and the earliest I have 

 seen it was on 1 October, and I have no record of it after 

 16 February ; I met with it comparatively seldom in Lower 

 Sind, and it eschews desert scrub-jungle. Blanford found 

 it in Thar and Parkar, however, occasionally even among tlie 

 sand-hills. 



Eleven males. Sind and Punjab. Wing 68*5-71, occas. 

 73 ; bill (base) 13-15 mm. 



Nine females. Sind and Punjab. Wing 65-5-70; bill 

 (base) 13-14 mm. 



The amount of white in the base of the tail varies individ- 

 ually ; often there is none at all, often only on the "fluffy " 

 base of the feathers, hardly ever on the outer feathers ; 

 sometimes it extends well on to the webs of the other 

 feathers almost as much as in some examples of -6'. maura. 

 The bill is very variable in size. 



