386 PLEUROTOMIDiE. 



clira'acter can be made out. The typical form has 

 occurred in a fossil state at Moel Tryfaen (Trimmer), 

 Macclesfield (Darbisliire), Italian tertiaries (Philippi and 

 Calcara) ; aiul the variety elongata in the glacial drift 

 of Caithness (Jamieson). The geographical distribution 

 of this species at present is as follows : — As to the typical 

 form, from the north of France (De Gerville and others) 

 to ]\Iadeira (M^Andrew), throughout the Mediterranean 

 (Risso and others), Adriatic (Heller and others), and 

 iEgean (Spratt) ; depths 4-25 f. : as to the variety 

 elongata, from Finmark (Sars) to Gottenburg, 10-30 f. 

 (Malm), Brittany (Cailliaud), and Vigo (M'Andrew). 



The animal is exceedingly active ; it gives out a very 

 dark purple dye, like that of Scalaria communis. Be- 

 tween thirty and forty years ago I observed the present 

 species burrowing in sand at Oxwich, near Swansea, on 

 the recess of a high tide; and I also procured it by 

 dredging on the same coast. The Rev. R. N. Dennis 

 tells me that specimens from Seaford Bay, when placed 

 in a basin of sea-water, crawled to the edge and sus- 

 pended themselves by a thread. A monstrosity which 

 I found at Tenby (where P. nebula is very abundant) 

 has the spire twisted and curved on one side. 



Among the synonyms may be mentioned P. Ginnania- 

 num of Philippi (who, by the by, omitted to notice the 

 spiral striae), P. nigra of Potiez and Michaud, and 

 Raphitoma j^olita of Brusina. According to Verany it 

 is the Mangelia coshilata of Risso^s collection. Clavatula 

 nebula of S carles Wood is not our species. 



7. P. l^eviga'ta^, Philippi. 



P. lavigatum, Phil. Moll. Sic. i. p. 19'J, t. xi. f. 17. 



Body clear white, speckled all over with opaque white : pdl- 

 * Eubbed smooth ; properly kvigata. 



