1899] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 135 



They do not multiply in butter if the butter milk has been 

 well removed, but if left in this furnishes an excellent 

 medium for multiplication. In sterilized milk, typhoid 

 bacteria can exist for upwards of four months. Inoccu- 

 lated into freshly drawn milk they have been found after 

 three months. Inocculated into sour milk they take com- 

 plete possession thereof and became almost a pure culture. 



Seeds of Bacteria. — Commonly called spores, they grow 

 one in each organism and have dense shells or walls pro- 

 tecting - their germs. To see them they must get stained 

 of a color different from the color of the bacterial body. 

 We therefore stain the whole object red by covering the 

 covei'-glass preparation, but not the glass, with carbolic 

 fuchsin solution or anilin water fuchsin, dry it in over a hot 

 flame, cover again, dry again, till a deep red color has been 

 imparted to the whole including the spores. With immers- 

 ing in dilute alcohol we can now dissolve out the color from 

 all but the spores, since it will adhere to them much more 

 persistently than to the rest, using the lens to see the con- 

 dition of affairs from time to time. Methylene blue will 

 now color the whitened parts quickly before it can pene- 

 trate the spores and we have deep red spores showing on 

 the light blue fiekl — the body of the organism. This stain- 

 ing business is really a very fascinating occupation, and 

 gives the clue to the diagnosis of all microbic diseases. 



HEDICAL MICROSCOPY. 



Alcohol. — Psychopathological and new microscopical re- 

 searches are constantly narrowing and dispelling theories 

 of the use of alcohol both as a beverage and a medicine. — 

 Dr. J. D. Crothers. 



Faulty Rum. — This is the name given by spirit distillers 

 to spirit containing an organism which injuresitand causes 

 annual loss of great amount. The micro-organism Cole- 

 othrix methystes, has such lust for sugar that it braves 

 the untoward environment of a liquid containing 70 per 

 cent alcohol. It transforms from coccus to rod, coccus to 



