1895.] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 31 



were stained with very dilute methyl blue solution. The sulfo- 

 bacteria were very sensitive to its effects. One drop of 1 to 400 

 solution to one cc. of water sufficed to kill them. His researches 

 led him to the conclusion that the bacteria are neither non- 

 nucleated organisms nor organisms which consist exclusively 

 of nuclear substance. They are cells of various complicated 

 construction, whose nucleus is more or less separated from the 

 protoplasm, of which it is a part. If the nucleus is not wholly 

 separated from the protoplasm, the structureless Plasson of 

 Beneden preponderates. If a distinct nucleus be present, it 

 appears as an axial structure, containing several chromatin 

 bodies. Beside a nucleous there are granules in the protoplasm, 

 which he regards as morphological evidences of cell life. — (St. 

 Louis Med. and Surg. Jl.) 



Dirty Bakeries not Unhealthy. — Mr. H. S. Young has 

 published in the Bakers'' Times the statement that although 

 thirteen loaves were microscopically examined by him, no trace 

 of living bacteria or an actual spore, was found in any loaf after 

 its removal from the oven, and this, too, when the temperature 

 of the inside of the loaf was below 203 degrees. It is further 

 shown by Mr. Young that a loaf from a low-class, dirty bakery 

 does not contain more bacteria or spores than are to be found in 

 a clean bakery. These facts tend to prove that baking sterilizes 

 such germs as may exist in the flour, etc., so that whatever 

 other articles of diet may be condemned on account of unhealth- 

 iness, bread may continue in popular favor. — Science Siftings. 



MEDICAL MICROSCOPY. 



Tuberculous Milk. — Dr. F. 0. Donahue, president of the 

 New York State Board of Health says of the examination of milk 

 supply for tuberculosis that the statistics of New York State 

 show tuberculosis to be the cause of one-eighth of the deaths, 

 and it was not questioned that many of these cases of consump- 

 tion originated from tuberculous milk. Since 1892 there has 

 been a law in New York State providing f jr the slaughter of 

 cattle found to be suffering from tuberculosis. 



Examination of animals immediately began, and out of 22,- 

 000 examined cattle 700 were ordered to be killed. The fact 

 that there were so many diseased cattle was sufficient to require 



