374 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY [Dec. 



it was the first American camera for this purpose to be 

 produced commercially. 



As indicated by its title, this camera is ada23ted to a, 

 variety of purposes. Any microscope with an inclinable 

 body may be used with it in making a photo-micrographic 

 negative, with or without an ocular. The latter is the 

 usual method, since much^more light is transmitted by the 

 objective alone, whilst the long extension bellows permit 

 a high magnification with any given lens. Dr. Woodward 

 always worked without an eyepiece. With an ordinary 

 photographic lens, the instrument may be used for enlarg- 

 ing, reducing or copying: the very long bellows render- 

 ing it particularly valuable for the latter purpose. It 

 is, however, unnecessary to go into fuller details of the 

 construction and capacities of this camera, since they are 

 already so widely known. 



Certain defects or rather want of adaptability to all pur- 

 poses in this camera, led to the designing and construc- 

 tion of my latest box, the "Autograph." It was 

 somewhat bulky, especially in the larger sizes, which in 

 the too often contracted workroom, is a hindrance to its 

 habitual employment. It could be used only in a hori- 

 zontal position and the microscope must have a joint per- 

 mitting inclination of the body, a feature not found in 

 many otherwise excellent instruments, especially of Ger- 

 man manufacture. For use with these stands a vertical 

 camera is of course indispensable, as it is when the object 

 is free in a fluid, such as yeast spores, blood, pus, and 

 milk corpuscles, etc., etc. But for the great majority of 

 work the hdrozontal position is the better, especially 

 where it is desirable or necessary to use the direct rays 

 of light from a lamp, without the intervention of the mir- 

 ror. To meet these varying demands, the "Autograph" 

 camera was designed, and it is believed successfully. It 

 may be described as follows, the dimensions given being 



