1889.] MICEOSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 255 



ence .of epithelium, blood, casts, and crystals of varying shape and 

 composition, enables us to decide between a healthy condition of the 

 kidneys, bladder, and urethra, and the various forms of imflammation 

 to which they are subject. It would be tedious and a useless repetition 

 to mention here the character of urinary sediments in acute and chronic 

 Bright's disease, in cystitis, gonorrhoea, calculus, spermatorrhoea, and 

 the like, but the value attaching to these examinations is made evident 

 by the requirement of all first-class insurance companies that micro- 

 scopical examination be made of the urine in every application for in- 

 surance for a large amount or where there is any reason for suspecting 

 disease of the urinary or generative organs. 



With all the uses to which the microscope is now put, we ai'e but in 

 the infancy of its employment. The thousands of experiments that are 

 being made relative to cholera, yellow fever, typhoid fever, and many 

 other diseases, will necessarily result in better means of diagnosis and 

 treatment, and the microscope, the great instrument of precision, will 

 eventually be more valuable to and more universally employed by the 

 medical profession than any other instrument in his equipment. 



MEDICAL MICROSCOPY.* 



Bacteria and Disease. — The following provisional table is intended 

 to show the present status of bacteriological investigation with reference 

 to the causation of some of the more important diseases. 



i . Diseases whose bacterial cause is determined with comparative 

 certainty : 



Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis. 



Aphtha, caused by Oidium albicans. 



Cholera, caused by Comma bacillus. 



Erysipelas, caused by Streptococcus erysipelatosus. 



Gonorrhoea, caused by the Gonococcus. 



Leprosy, caused by the Lepra bacillus. 



Malarial fever, caused by Bacillus malariae. 



Meningitis (Epidemic cerebro-spinal) , caused by Diplococcus lan- 

 ceolatus. 



Pertussis, caused by a Bacillus. 



Pneumonia, caused by Diplococcus pneumonia?. 



Purpura, caused by Monas hemorrhagica. 



Pyaemia, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. 



Relapsing fever, caused by a Spirilla. 



Tetanus, caused by a "pin-head" Bacillus. 



Tuberculosis, caused by the tubercle Bacillus. 



Typhoid fever, caused by Bacillus typhosus. 



Typhus fever, caused by a Bacillus. 



2. Diseases probably bacterial, but whose exciting cause has not 

 been certainly determined : 



Carcinoma, Dengue, Diphtheria, Dysentery, Gangrene, Glanders, 

 Measles, Parotitis, Rabies, Rheumatism, Rotheln, Scarlatina, Syphilis, 

 Yellow Fever. 



* This department is conducted by F. Blanchard, M. D. 



