735 



and the self-heal. Every where the Lamium maculatum, is plentiful. 

 Such ferns as do occur, are chiefly found here. Maples are frequent, 

 as are also willows, chaste-trees, the Rhus cotimis, and the tamarisk. 

 The carob is common here as well as in the lowlands. 



" III. Region of the yailahs or mountain table-lands. The yailahs 

 of Almalee, three thousand six hundred feet above the sea, of Seyde- 

 leer four thousand, of Cibyra three thousand five hundred, and of 

 Stenez three thousand three hundred, furnished us with oiu* chief col- 

 lections from this region. They are very even and apparently flat, 

 though really sloping plains, each watered by a stream, and either conti- 

 nually or for a portion of the year presenting a lake at the lower ex- 

 tremity. They have no outlets. The centre of the plain is bare and 

 treeless, except near the villages, which are surrounded by walnut 

 trees, Lombardy poplars, apples, apricots and pollard willows. 

 Planes are comparatively scarce. In some of the warmer and less 

 elevated yailahs, large oaks and elms are met with, but the forest belt 

 which margins them is commonly of pines. Thickets of Quercus 

 eoccifera, Berberry and yellow jasmine, cover the waste and rocky 

 grounds near their edges. The vine is grown on the plains of 

 Almalee and Saideleer, and good grapes for eating are produced. 

 Much corn is cultivated on the yailahs. In cultivated grounds the 

 common weeds are Alliaria officinalis, Asperugo procnmhens, Sisym- 

 brium Sophia, Malope malacoides, Erysiinum officinale, Hypecoum, 

 Lamium moschatum, Scandix aust rails, Contaurea cyanus, Fumaria 

 parvijlora, and species of Bupleurum. The more characteristic herbs 

 are Geranium tuberosum, Androsace maxima, Scutellaria orientalis, 

 Euphorbia rigida, Lithospermum orientale, a yellow Galium and 

 species of Cerinthe, Onosma, Arethusa, Cynoglossum, Myosotis and 

 Echinospermum. Many curious forms of Composite and CruciferaB, 

 also occur. Crucifercs, Boraginece, Composited and CaryophyllecB, 

 out-number all other orders in the yailahs. 



" Region IV. Above the yailahs, and bounding them, is the region 

 of mountain peaks. These reach to various heights from six to ten 

 thousand feet, and are bare and treeless^towards their summits. The 

 snow rests in crevices throughout the year, and during winter and 

 spring, forms extensive and conspicious masses. Below the snow, 

 the pale yellow and bare limestone is speckled here and there by the 

 gloomy foliage of the Juniperus excelsa, a clumpy and cedar-like tree, 

 which becomes more abundant as we descend, until at between six and 

 eight thousand feet, it forms a dark zone round the mountain and again 

 diminishes to give place to pines. It is the tree called ' cedar ' by 



