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travellers in Asia Minor. Near the snow and above the jumpers, al- 

 pine fritillaries and violets, Fumaria rut(BfoUa, Scilla hifolia, Draba 

 aizoides, Achillea umbellata, Crocus nivalis, Anemone Appennina, 

 and some species of Gagea, Ornithogalum, Veronica, Alyssmn and 

 Draha are the characteristic plants. Where the snow occupies 

 crevices considerably lower down, these plants may be often found 

 gi'owing beside it. In the belt of cedar-juniper, and towards its upper 

 part, grow species of Gnaplialium, Campanula, Cerinthe, Sideritis, 

 Alchemilla, Scorzonera and Santolina, with which, we do not meet 

 lower down. Here are also Pruniis prostrata, Ernodea alpina, Digi- 

 talis ferruginea, Auhrietia delloidea, and peculiar species of Aretia, 

 Colchiciim and Crocus. 



" Throughout our journeys we paid careful attention to the relations 

 of the distribution of the indigenous plants to the soil in which they 

 grew. The simple features of the geology of Lycia and the constancy 

 of mineral character of the various rocks over considerable tracts of 

 country enabled us to do this with facility and precision. Whilst 

 each of the several regions into which we have attempted to divide the 

 vegetation of Lycia considered as to its vertical distribution, presented 

 a general character of its own, that character, was locally varied, ac- 

 cording as the foundation rock was the hard appennine limestone, the 

 sandy rocks which cap it, the soft tertiary marls and conglomerates, 

 or the brittle and barren serpentine, the only igneous rock in this part 

 of Asia Minor which occupies sufficient space to affect the flora. 



" At almost any distance we could distinguish the serpentine from 

 the limestone country, not merely from the peculiar bossy character 

 and pink colour of the hills of the former, contrasting strongly with 

 the abrupt and broken escarpments and gray and yellow rocks of the 

 latter, but also from the disposition of the arborescent vegetation. 

 On the serpentine usually pines only grew, and never in thick forest 

 masses, but scattered, as it were individually, and as if they had been 

 planted in a quincunx arrangement. Where the limestone was 

 wooded, and in many parts it bore great forests, thick clustered oaks 

 covered a luxuriant underwood, interupted by groves of strawberry 

 trees, and by clumps of lofty pines. High in the mountains the pines 

 prevailed over the oaks, and higher still, the cedar-junipers replaced 

 them. In the region of the upland slopes, much of the mountain 

 sides consist of greenish sandstones, probably intermediate in age 

 between the secondary and the distinctly tertiary rocks. These wei*e 

 usually covered with dense forests, consisting exclusively of pines, 

 though on the neighbouring limestone, the oak was the prevailing tree. 



