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all the species are peculiar to England, but is to be understood only 

 as implying that the species are apparently adapted to the climate of 

 England, either being restricted to that part of Britain, or being more 

 prevalent there than in Scotland, As a temporary estimate, we may 

 reckon the species of the English type at about one-fifth of the whole 

 Flora of Britain. Cyperus longus and Cicendia filiformis are very 

 local examples of this type, if, indeed, they can be fairly referred to 

 it; being restricted to a few counties southward of the Thames and 

 Bristol Channel. On the other hand, Malva moschata and Poterium 

 Sanguisorba approximate to the British type in being distributed from 

 the south coast of England up to the middle of Scotland. More cha- 

 racteristic examples of the English type of distribution may be cited 

 in Rhamnus catharticus, Ulex nanus, Tamus communis, Bryonia di- 

 oica, Hottonia palustris, Chlora perfoliata, Sison Amomum, Moenchia 

 erecta, Linaria Elatine, Ranunculus parviflorus, Lamium Galeobdo- 

 lon, Hordeum pratense, Alopecurus agrestis, Ceteracli officinarum. 

 "3. The Scottish Type. — This may be deemed the opposite of the 

 English type ; the distribution of the species referred hereto being 

 characterized by a northern tendency, either by absolute limitation to 

 Scotland or the north of England, or otherwise by a chief prevalence 

 there and increased rarity southward. Parallel with some of the 

 species referred to the English type, so some of those referred to this 

 present one are quite restricted to two or three of the most northern 

 provinces of Scotland ; while others abound in Scotland, and also 

 spread southward, although in diminished frequency, far down Eng- 

 land ; others, again, finding their southern limits between the ex- 

 tremes of narrow and wide distribution. With respect to those spe- 

 cies which are most widely distributed, their diminished frequency, 

 or entire absence in the southerly provinces, applies more particu- 

 larly to the south-east of England, where the climate is drier, and the 

 summer temperature is higher than usually experienced in the south- 

 western provinces of England. Along with this group, also, may be 

 associated certain species which run out to diminished frequency, or 

 early absolute cessation, northward as well as southward ; occurring 

 chiefly or only in the northern provinces of England and southern 

 provinces of Scotland. Equally with the rest, these are truly plants 

 of a boreal distribution and prevalence, when we consider them with 

 reference to the southern provinces of England; although it may also 

 be said that they are so far species of a southern distribution likewise, 

 when considered with reference to the northern provinces of Scot- 

 land. From other species of the Scottish type, however, they differ 

 Vol. II. 5 g 



