790 



chiefly by their more restricted areas ; for their tendency to the hilly 

 districts of England and the Lowlands, like those which extend still 

 farther northward in Scotland, indicates a general similarity of clima- 

 tal adaptation, while it strongly distinguishes them from species of 

 the truly English type. It will thus be understood that several of 

 the species assigned to the Scottish type of distribution are not pre- 

 valent only in Scotland ; some of them, indeed, being more prevalent 

 in the northern provinces of England. But since the majority are 

 prevalent in Scotland, the name of the type is taken from that north- 

 ern portion of the kingdom, as a sufficient contrast to the name 

 adopted for the more southern or English type. Perhaps not more 

 than a twentieth of the whole number of British plants will come un- 

 der the Scottish type. Primula scotica and Ajuga pyramidalis are 

 instances of an extremely restricted and boreal area. Goodyera re- 

 pens and Corallorhiza innata are also very partial, though less tho- 

 roughly boreal with us. Primula farinosa and Saxifraga Hirculus 

 may be instanced as examples of that division of the Scottish group 

 which is characterized by a comparatively early limit northward. 

 But more characteristic examples of the Scottish type may be men- 

 tioned in Empetrum nigrum, Rubus saxatilis, Trollius europseus, Ger- 

 anium sylvaticum, Trientalis europaea, Habenaria albida, Ligusticum 

 scoticum, and Lithospermum maritimum. 



" 4. Highland type. — 'This may be considered the boreal flora in a 

 more intense degree, as respects climate, than that of the Scottish type. 

 The species referred hereto are distinguished from those of the Scot- 

 tish type by being more especially limited to the mountains or their 

 immediate vicinity. Some of them are wholly confined to the higher 

 mountains, and never descend within the agrarian region ; these being 

 the 'arctics' before mentioned on page 54. Others, though prevalent 

 on the mountains, do descend also into their glens and valleys quite 

 within the agrarian region. And others, again, may occasionally be 

 seen outside the mountainous tracts, particularly along the course of 

 rivers which have their sources among the mountains, or even upon 

 the rocks of the sea-coast. As a group, these species are either 

 restricted to the mountains or very decidedly more prevalent there. 

 Several of them, more especially the true arctics, are strictly peculiar 

 to the Highland mountains ; while others occur also on the mountains 

 of England and Wales, though less plentifully than in the Highlands 

 of Scotland. The name chosen for the type intimates their most ap- 

 propriate habitat, although some of them do likewise find a suitable 

 climate on the mountains of England or Wales. It is probable that 



