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pistils in the same flower. Of these two primary groups, the Diclines 

 are undivided ; to this we shall have occasion to allude again pre- 

 sently : the hermaphrodite group being broken up into three sub- 

 classes, hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous. Curiously enough, 

 this arrangement affords additional support to that applied by Mr. 

 Newman to the animal kingdom, which he claims to be considered as 

 the System of Nature, and to which allusion has before been made in 

 our pages (Phytol. ii. 711). In every mode of arrangement claiming 

 to be natural, the same principles must be applicable to all the king- 

 doms of nature — to plants as well as animals : and Professor Lindley 

 has unconsciously afforded the means of testing the system as applied 

 by Mr. Newman to the latter, by his most matured plan for arranging 

 the former. 



In the first place, according to the principles of the System above 

 alluded to — Every natural group should divide obviously into /our. 

 This condition is well fulfilled by the class of Exogens as now divided 

 in accordance with certain peculiarities connected with the organs of 

 reproduction. These four groups are : — 



1. Diclinous, including those plants in which the flowers are typi- 



cally unisexual, without any customary tendency to hermaphro- 

 ditism. 



2. Hypogynous, including such plants as have the stamens entirely 

 free from both calyx and corolla ; the flowers being typically 

 hermaphrodite and the ovary free. 



3. Perigynous, in which the stamens are adherent to either the calyx 

 or corolla, and the flowers typically hermaphrodite, with the 

 ovary free or nearly so. 



4. Epigynous, with the stamens, floral envelopes and ovary com- 



bined, the latter being inferior or adherent in consequence, and 



the flowers typically hermaphrodite. 

 Thus is the first condition fulfilled by the Exogens ; the second re- 

 quires that One of these four groups shall contain representatives of 

 the other three. The first, or diclinous subclass of the Exogens 

 meets this demand ; for, as Lindley says, " It would be possible to 

 break up the diclinous alliances into Hypogynous, Perigynous, and 

 Epigynous clusters." This might indeed be readily effected, although 

 it would not be possible to retain the alliances intact as they now 

 stand, since some of them include plants belonging to each of the 

 minor divisions — they must consequently be "broken up." It would 

 occupy too much of our space to show at present how this may be 

 effected ; we can only intimate the possibility of doing it. 



