126 



NiCHOi.LS, Study of Penguins on The Nobbies. Vic. [,sf"}" 



Table 4 {Tarsus). 



No. of 

 Skin. 



4 



9 



10 



14 

 15 



19 



No. of 



26 



29 



25 

 27 

 28 

 24 



Table 5 {Middle Toe and Claw). 



187 



9 



348 



... 425 

 av. 47.: 



26.7 av. 25.5 av. 49.7 



7 adult males axerage 397.7 mm. in length. 

 9 „ females ,, 370.1 mm. in length. 



Up to the present time little or no data has been available for 

 comparing the sizes of the male and female Penguins. 



The adult female usually being described as " similar to adult 

 male," the total length measurements show the male to be the 

 larger bird, and they are borne out by the culmen measurements 

 set side by side, both with regard to length and depth. 



The flipper measurements, which show a fair amount of varia- 

 tion in both sexes, when averaged, also prove the male to be the 

 larger bird. 



Such is also the case with the tarsus and the middle toe and claw. 



The male is in every way the larger bird, but the difference in 

 size is only appreciated when the measurements are contrasted 

 side by side. 



It is, in this connection, interesting to note that skins 21 and 

 22 of the tabulated list are those of immature pairs of birds caught 

 at same burrow. In every case the male measurements exceed 

 those of the female. 



The missing numbers in the tables refer to immature birds. 



The measurements, then, and the data in the list at the end 

 of the paper, show that there is only one species found at Philhp 

 Island. But there are two forms corresponding to two phases 

 of plumage— -" A," those which have just completed the moult, and 

 " B," those just about to moult. 



The differences in plumage were very striking, the newly- 

 moulted bird being " the small, dark-coloured species," the other 

 (the bird not yet commenced to moult) being " the larger (fatter) 

 light-coloured species." 



We now determined to examine a number of live birds, and to 

 assist in their quick classification we labelled the small, dark- 

 coloured bird " Type A," and the larger (?), liglit-coloured bird 

 " Type B." Type A corresponded in coloration to skins 17-18 ; 

 and type B to skins 4 and 5 — all now in K.A.O.U. collection.* 



*A few of the skins are in the collections of Dr. W. Macgillivray, Broken 

 Hill, and J. A. Ross, Esq., Melbourne. 



