Vol. XVII. 



191S 



] NiCHOi.LS, Shcdy of Penguins on The Nobbies, Vic. 120 



and cutting edge of lower bill dark or slaty-brown, under surface 

 of lower bill pearly-white tinged with pink. 



Feet.—^^hiie, faint tinge of pink,f edge of web and V-shaped 

 mark between toes dark brown, under surface blackish. 



The newly moulted birds show a curious faint striation across 

 the broad end of each white feather on the under surface of the 

 breast. This appears as a fine whitish line. After the bird enters 

 the water we believe this line disappears. If so, it can be taken as 

 a guide to tell whether the bird (young or adult) has been in the 

 water after a fresh moult. 



Characteristics of Immature and Moulting Birds. 



As the colouring of the bill and soft parts of the immature 

 (out of the down) and nestling birds have not been so far described, 

 it will be of interest to give them in full from the field notes. 



Skin No. I (imm. o)- — Iris, when alive, dark brown ; after death 

 inner circle of silvery-cream, with an outer circle of dark brown, 

 with fine network of silvery-cream lines. (Soft parts unwittingly 

 omitted.) 



Ski]i No. 13 (imm. o). — Iris silvery-cream, flecked brown in 

 outer circle, whole of upper bill brownish-black, tip and cutting 

 edge of lower bill similar, under surface pearly-white tinged with 

 pink. Feet. — ^White, faintly tinged pink and blue, V-shaped mark 

 between the toes dark brown, and extending further than in 

 No. 15 (adult female). Stomach empty. 



Skin No. 20 (imm. S). — Soft parts similar to skin No. 21. 

 Stomach. — Parasitic round worms in upper part of stomach mixed 

 with food debris, consisting of beaks of squid, seaweed, and small 

 white seed-like bodies, probably parts of squid, and numerous 

 basaltic pebbles (grit), much more in quantity than in adult 

 specimens examined. 



External Parasites. — Fleas. The occurrence in the Penguins of 

 a flea akin to Pulex irritans was not expected. 



Skin No. 21 (imm. ?). — Iris. — Inner circle of silvery-cream, outer 

 circle of dark brown, with fine network of silvery-cream lines. 

 Upper bill and tip of lower bill black, basal half of cutting edge of 

 upper and lower bills bluish-white, under surface of lower bill 

 bluish-white. Feet ivhite tinged with blue, webs edged with blackish- 

 brown, V-shaped mark between toes and under surface blackish- 

 brown. 



Parasites. — Internal, parasitic worms ; external, small lice and 

 fleas. 



Stomach. — Small pebbles of black basalt, squid beaks, seaweed. 



Skin No. 38 (nestling S, youngest bird found). — ^/m.— Inner 

 circle silvery-cream, outer circle dark brown, with network of 

 silvery-cream lines. 



* Gould described appearance of double iris, 

 t Littler described pinkish tinge. 



