323 PEECT SLADBN TEUST EXPEDITION. 



In the meautime it seems probable that tlie wide distribution of so many species 

 shows the operation of means of dispersal far more regular and efficient than is 

 commonly believed to be the case, and possibly these means may be found to consist in 

 the action of cyclonic storms in combination with the movements of the upper strata of 

 the atmosphere, whereby these insects are whirled up into the air and transported for 

 long distances with very little expenditure of energy on their own behalf. 



VIII. Literature. 



Besides the ordinary text-books and periodicals, the following books and papers will be 

 found useful to the student of the Lepidoptera occurring in the islands of the Indian 

 Ocean : — 



Soisdnval. — Faune entomologique de Madagascar, Bourbon et Maurice. Paris, 1833. 

 Guenee. — Annexe G (Lepidopteres) in Maillard's 'Notes sur Pile de la Reunion.' Paris, 1863. 

 Trimen. — Notes on the Butterflies of Mauritius. Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1863, pp. 329-344. 

 Snellen. — Lepidoptera in Prof. P. J. Veth's ' Midden-Sumatra: Reizen en Onderzoekingen der Sumatra- 



Expeditie . . . 1877-1879.' 1880. 

 Distant. — Rhopalocera Malayana. London, 1882-1886. 

 Moore. — Lepidoptera of Ceylon. 3 vols. London, 1882-1887. 



Mabille. — Volume on Butterflies in Grandidier's ' Histoire Naturelle de Madagascar.' Paris, 1887. 

 Saalmiiller. — Lepidopteren von Madagascar, Frankfurt, 1884-1891. 

 Joannis. — Descriptions of Alella philiberti, Pamphila morella, and Macroglossa alluaudi. Bull. Soc. 



Ent. Fr. 1893, pp. 50-.")3. 

 Eagonot. — Heterographis insularella, n. s. L. c. p. 295. 

 Hampson. — Illustrations of Lepidoptera Heterocera in tlie British Museum. Part IX. London, 



1893. 

 Joannis. — Lepidopteres des lies S^chelles. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1894, pp. 425-438. 

 Holland. — List of the Lepidoptera from Aldabra, Seychelles, and other East African Islands, collected 



by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. sviii. pp. 265-273, 1895. 

 Hampson. — Fauna of British India ; Moths, 4 vols. London, 1892-96. 

 Joannis. — Note sur quelques Lepidopteres des iles Sechelles. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, pp. 197- 



200. 

 Andrews. — A Monograph of Christmas Island. Lepidoptera, pp. 60-79. London, 1900. 

 Bering.— Uebersicht der Sumatra— Pyralidse. Stett. ent. Zeit. vol. Ixii. pp. 13-118, 219-348 (1901); 



and vol. Ixiv. pp. 38-97 (1903). 

 Voeltzkow. — Die von Aldabra bis jetzt bekannte Flora uiid Fauna. Abh. Senck. nat. Ges. Band xxvi. 



l)p. 559-561. Frankfurt, 1902. 

 Meyrick. — Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Edited by J. Stanley 



Gardiner. Vol. i. pp. 123-126. Cambridge, 1903. 

 Forbes. — The Natural History of Sokotra and Abd-cl-Kuri, pp. 295-356. Liverpool, 1903. 

 Bingham. — Fauna of British India ; Butterflies. 2 vols. London, 1905-1907. 

 Joannis. — Description des Lepidopteres nouveaux de I'ile Maurice. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1906, pp. 169- 



183. 

 Pagenstecher. — Lepidoptera-Heterocera von Madagascar, den Comoren und Ost-Afrika. (Voeltzkow, 



Keisen in Ostafrica, 1903-1905.) Stuttgart, 1907. 



