MUEEAY — ^DEPTH A'ND MAKINE DEPOSITS. 357 



thence southward to a position about lat. 37° S., long. 52° E., and thence in an easterly 

 direction near the 40th parallel to Bass Strait. In 1891 H.M.S. ' Egeria ' took another 

 series of soundings from Cape Guardafui to Ceylon and thence to the noi'thern extremity 

 of Sumatra. 



' Valdivia.'— In 1898-99 the German Deep-Sea Expedition in S.S. ' Valdivia ' took an 

 important series of soundings in the Indian Ocean. After investigating the Agulhas 

 Bank, the ' Valdivia ' proceeded to Bouvet Island, then south-east to a point in lat. Cl° 

 11' S., long. 51° 31' E., then northwards to Kerguelen, St. Paul, and Amsterdam Islands, 

 the Cocos-Keeling Islands and Sumatra, along the coasts of Sumatra and the Nicohar 

 Islands, across the Bay of Bengal to Ceylon, and then south-westwards by the South 

 Maldives, Chagos, and Seychelles groups to Zanzibar, thence northwards along the 

 African coast and through the Bed Sea. 



' Sherard Osbot-n.' — In the year 1900 the cable-ship ' Sherard Osborn,' belonging to 

 the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company, made a series of soundings from Adelaide, 

 South Australia, along the 35th parallel of latitude to Eremantle, thence north-west- 

 wards to the Cocos-Keeling Islands, and then south-west to Rodriguez and Mauritius. 



' Gauss.' — The German South Polar Expedition of 1901-3 in the S.S. ' Gauss ' took a 

 line of soundings from Cape Town to Kerguelen and Heard Islands ; then south-east to 

 the Antarctic circle, crossing the 60th parallel of latitude about long. 92° E. The 

 return voyage was made in a north-westerly direction to Kerguelen, crossing the 60th 

 parallel again about 70° E., thence to St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands, Natal, and Cape 

 Town. 



' Sealark.' — In 1905 the Percy Sladen Expedition, under Stanley Gardiner in H.M.S. 

 ' Sealark,' made a cruise from the Maldives to the Chagos Archipelago, and thence to 

 Mauritius ; then northwards by Nazareth and Saya de Malha Banks to the Seychelles ; 

 from the Seychelles to the Farquhar group and Amirante Islands, and back to the 

 Seychelles, and from there to the Maldive Archipelago. 



' Flanet.' — In 1906 the German ship ' Planet ' made an extended cruise through the 

 Indian Ocean, proceeding from the Cape southwards to a position in lat. 50° S. and 

 long. 30° E., then northwards to Natal, thence to Madagascar, Mauritius, and Bodriguez, 

 north-eastwards by the Maldives to Ceylon, thence to a position in lat. 10° S. and long. 

 108° E., where the deepest sounding hitherto recorded in the Indian Ocean was taken 

 in 3828 fathoms (7000 metres), thence through the Lombok Strait into the Java Sea. 



Of less extended cruises mention may be made of the following : — 



Between 1888 and 1892 H.M.S. ' Stork ' took several soundings to the north of the 

 Mozambique Channel and in the neighbourhood of the Seychelles, and north to the 

 Equator, and in 1897 ran a line from Mauritius to the Seychelles and northwards towards 

 the African coast, to the east of the line run by H.M.S. ' Sylvia ' in 1872-73. In 1893 

 H.M.S.' Marathon' took soundings near the Seychelles group, and the S.S. 'Scotia' 

 near the Seychelles and Amirante groups. In 1900 the S.S. ' Clan McNeiU ' ran aline 

 of soundings between Natal and Mauritius and Bodriguez, closely following the track 

 of H.M.S. ' Sylvia ' in 1872-73. In 1905 the S.S ' Sherard Osborn ' took a series of 



48* 



