JOHN MURRAY 87 



during the years 1884 to 1892 she was almost continuously 

 engaged in exploring the deep sea-lochs of the Western High- 

 lands. Various younger scientific men, such as Dr. W. E. 

 Hoyle and Dr. H. R. Mill, were associated with Murray in 

 this work ; considerable collections were made, some of 

 which are now in the British Museum, and many scientific 

 papers contributed to various journals have resulted from the 

 periodic cruises of the " Medusa." One of the most notable 

 of these is H. R. MiU's detailed description of the oceano- 

 graphic characters of the Clyde sea-area (1891-4). Another 

 result was the discovery in the deeper waters of Loch Etive 

 and Upper Loch Fyne of the remnants of an Arctic fauna — 

 " boreal outliers " of Edward Forbes. 



From time to time during these researches in the sea-lochs 

 the " Medusa " penetrated to the fresh-water lochs, such as 

 Loch Lochie and Loch Ness, which are united by the Cale- 

 donian Canal, and Murray was greatly impressed by the 

 differences in the physical and biological conditions between 

 the salt and the fresh-water lochs. This observation seems 

 to have led to another of Murray's scientific activities, namely, 

 the bathymetrical survey of the fresh-water lochs of Scotland, 

 undertaken between the years 1897 and 1909. It was 

 already known that, like some of the salt-water fjords outside, 

 certain of these fresh-water lochs are of surprising depth. 

 For example, 175 fathoms had been recorded by Buchanan 

 in Loch Morar, and Murray, subsequently running a line 

 of soundings along this loch, found at one spot a depth of 

 180 fathoms. No such depth is found in the sea outside on 

 the continental shelf. 



The survey was undertaken at first in collaboration with 

 his young friend, Mr. Frederick P. Pullar, who was drowned 

 in a gallant attempt to save the lives of others in a skating 

 accident on Loch Airthrey in 1901. The results of the Lake 

 Survey were published in a series of six volumes (Edinburgh, 

 1910), edited by Sir John Murray and Mr. Lawrence Pullar, 

 and dedicated to the memory of Mr. F. P. Pullar, who had 



