JOHN MURRAY 89 



of rivers, the effects of winds on the distribution of tempera- 

 ture in lochs, the annual range of temperature in the surface 

 waters of the ocean, and the temperature of the floor of the 

 ocean, on the height of the land and the depth of the ocean 

 (1888), and on the depths, temperatures, and marine deposits 

 of the South Pacific Ocean (1906). 



In 1897 Dr. John Murray (as he then was) formally opened 

 the present Biological Station at Millport and the associated 

 Robertson Museum, and dehvered an address on the marine 

 biology of the Clyde district. He continued to take a lively 

 interest in the affairs of this West Coast Biological Station, 

 and frequently looked in there with scientific friends when 

 on his cruises in the " Medusa," I recollect, for example, an 

 occasion when, after dredging in Loch Fyne, we ran to Mill- 

 port for the night, and the party included Canon Norman, 

 old Dr. David Robertson, Professor Haeckel, and Mr. Isaac 

 Thompson. He frequently had foreign men of science as 

 his guests, and was, I think, especially friendly with the 

 Scandinavians, such as Nansen, Hjort, Otto Pettersson the 

 Swede, and C. G. Joh. Petersen the Dane. 



Murray's oceanographic work was not limited to any 

 particular region or special series of problems, but was world- 

 wide, both in extent and subject-matter. He was a great 

 traveller, and had probably personally explored more of the 

 oceanic waters of the globe than any other man. He had 

 ranged from Spitzbergen in the North to the Antarctic Ice- 

 barrier, dredging, trawling, tow-netting, and sampling the 

 waters and bottom deposits in every possible way. Even 

 when travelling as an ordinary passenger on a liner, he would 

 engage emigrants in the steerage to pump water daily from 

 the sea through his silk nets, or would arrange with a bath- 

 steward to let the sea-water tap run through his net day and 

 night in order that he might have living plankton to examine. 



Murray was not only an investigator of special problems, 

 but we owe to him much synthetic work, in which he gathered 

 together the results of many observettions and put them in 



