330 



SPEECH, MUSIC AND HEARING 



AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE 



TOTAL DISTANCE TOTAL DISTANCE TOTAL DISTANCE 



PRESSURE PRESSURE PRESSURE 



-„4j675PIECE0RCHESTRAI5FT.,„7.9 15 PIECE ORCHESTRA lOFT. 3.6 PIANO lOFT. 



2.1 PIPE ORGAN I2FT. 66.0 BASS DRUM 3 FT. ,„ 14.6 SNARE DRUM 4 FT. 



^Eb:z; 



4.1 BASS SAXOPHONE3.5FT. .^4.2 BASS VIOL 5 FT. ,.2.3 TRIANGLE 3 FT. 



tc ,. 8.6 TRUMPET 3 FT. .. 3.5 CLARINET 3.SFT. .,16.0 CYMBALS 3 FT. 



:x 



2.2 PICCOLO 3.5FT. ,„ 6.5 TROMBONE 3FT. ,„ 3.8 FRENCH HORN 3FT. 



=;F- 



1.6 FLUTE 3.5FT. ,„ 7.7 MALE SPEECH 2IN. .„ 6.3 FEMALE SPEECH 2IN. 



t:r' 



a. 



20 100 1000 10000 20 100 1000 10000 20 100 1000 10000 



FREQUENCY IN CYCLES PER SECOND 



Fig. 13.11. Ratio of the peak pressure to the average total pressure of the entire spectrum 

 for speech, various musical instruments, and orchestras. The distance and average total 

 pressure are shown above each graph. (After Sivian, Dunn and White.) 



